Taszakowski Artur, Klejdysz Tomasz, GierlasiŃski Grzegorz
Institute of Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Silesia in Katowice, Bankowa 9, 40-007 Katowice, Poland..
Zootaxa. 2020 Jul 17;4816(3):zootaxa.4816.3.10. doi: 10.11646/zootaxa.4816.3.10.
The term 'melanism' means the occurrence of variant(s) that is/are mostly or completely dark in pigmentation either as intraspecific polymorphisms or as fixed differences between closely related species. Melanism can refer to variation involving discrete melanic and non-melanic phenotypes (melanic and typical morphs) or to cases of continuously varying pigmentation (True 2003). Melanism of moths inhabiting areas with industrial pollution is a very well-known example involving melanic polymorphisms in insects. However, melanism is also known in other insect orders, e.g. Coleoptera and Diptera (Majerus 1998, True 2003).
“黑化现象”一词指的是出现的变种，其色素沉着大多或完全为深色，表现为种内多态性或密切相关物种之间的固定差异。黑化现象可指涉及离散的黑色和非黑色表型（黑色和典型形态）的变异，也可指色素沉着连续变化的情况（True，2003年）。生活在工业污染地区的蛾类黑化现象是一个非常著名的例子，涉及昆虫中的黑色多态性。然而，黑化现象在其他昆虫目，如鞘翅目和双翅目中也有发现（Majerus，1998年；True，2003年）。
