Department of Spatial Economics, Spatial Information Laboratory (SPINlab), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Department of Spatial Economics, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
PLoS One. 2020 Oct 15;15(10):e0240738. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0240738. eCollection 2020.
National spatial planning has strongly influenced urban development and open space preservation in the Netherlands since the 1950s and established the country's reputation as a planner's paradise. The gradual withdrawal from this active and stringent type of planning in favour of decentralisation and deregulation has received less attention and its impacts on urban development patterns remain poorly studied. This study investigates residential development since 2000 in relation to the changing planning context. We focused on residential densification and the redevelopment of greyfields and brownfields as desired outcomes of policies that aim to limit urban development in open landscapes. Using detailed spatial housing and land-use data we quantified the relative importance of different urban development processes over three subsequent six-year periods characterised by slowly decreasing national policy attention to steering residential development. Our results indicate that, while the national policy instruments got weaker, the share of residential development within existing urban areas increased. Our results lend further credence to the suggestion that the abandoned national spatial planning policy targeted at housing construction within urban development zones that were predominantly defined on greenfield near existing cities, limited urban redevelopment. Despite reduced government spending, densities increased within existing urban areas as general, local-level restrictive policies with respect to greenfield development remained in place and demand for urban housing remained unabated.
自 20 世纪 50 年代以来，国家空间规划对荷兰的城市发展和开放空间保护产生了深远影响，使荷兰成为规划师的天堂。然而，人们对这种积极而严格的规划类型逐渐失去关注，其对城市发展模式的影响也鲜少得到研究。本研究旨在探讨自 2000 年以来，与规划背景变化相关的住宅开发问题。我们重点关注了住宅密度的增加以及灰色和棕色地块的再开发，这些都是旨在限制开放空间中城市发展的政策的预期结果。我们利用详细的空间住房和土地利用数据，在随后的三个六年期间内，量化了不同城市发展过程的相对重要性，这些期间的特点是国家对引导住宅发展的政策关注度逐渐降低。研究结果表明，尽管国家政策工具逐渐减弱，但现有城市地区内的住宅开发份额却在增加。这进一步证实了一个观点，即被放弃的国家空间规划政策针对的是在城市发展区内建设住房，这些发展区主要在现有城市附近的绿地划定，这限制了城市的再开发。尽管政府支出减少，但由于一般的、针对绿地开发的地方性限制政策仍然存在，且城市住房需求依然旺盛，因此现有城市地区的密度仍在增加。
