Environmental Science and Engineering Department, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, India.
Waste Manag Res. 2021 Feb;39(2):374-385. doi: 10.1177/0734242X20962844. Epub 2020 Oct 16.
Improper municipal solid waste management in the past has landed most of this waste in open dumps of India. This dumped waste has a negative effect on the environment and human health and needs to be reclaimed either for material/energy recovery or to create space for future waste management. Since nearly half of the waste in dumpsites can be classified as fine fraction, in-depth knowledge of its characteristics is required to reclaim these dumpsites successfully. In this study, we characterize fine fraction, <4 mm, aged 1-10 years old, obtained from Mulund dumpsite in Mumbai, using physicochemical and spectroscopic analysis. The study also highlights different valorization routes to reclaim the fine fraction. The fine fraction was ~45% in the dumpsite and increased with the age of the waste. Visual inspection revealed that fine fraction older than five years was relatively homogeneous compared with younger fine fraction. Furthermore, pH (7.4-7.8) and electrical conductivity (0.70-1.92 mS cm) of the fine fraction met the Indian MSW compost standards; however, heavy metal levels were higher than the proposed standards. The fine fraction also had a high concentration of metals like aluminium (11 g kg) and iron (78 g kg), indicating metal recovery potential. Furthermore, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy results show that the fine fraction had dominant inorganic peaks and became relatively homogeneous with age. The study proposes fine fraction use as a secondary resource; however, some prior treatment would be required based on the application.
过去，印度的城市固体废物管理不当，导致大部分废物被倾倒在露天垃圾场。这些倾倒的废物对环境和人类健康有负面影响，需要进行回收，以实现材料/能源回收或为未来的废物管理创造空间。由于垃圾填埋场中的废物近一半可以归类为细颗粒，因此需要深入了解其特性，才能成功回收这些垃圾填埋场。在这项研究中，我们使用物理化学和光谱分析方法对来自孟买穆伦德垃圾填埋场的年龄为 1-10 年、<4mm 的细颗粒进行了特性描述。该研究还强调了不同的增值途径来回收细颗粒。垃圾填埋场中的细颗粒约占 45%，并且随垃圾年龄的增加而增加。目视检查表明，年龄超过五年的细颗粒相对均匀，而较年轻的细颗粒则不均匀。此外，细颗粒的 pH 值（7.4-7.8）和电导率（0.70-1.92mS/cm）符合印度 MSW 堆肥标准；然而，重金属水平高于建议标准。细颗粒还含有高浓度的金属，如铝（11g/kg）和铁（78g/kg），表明具有金属回收潜力。此外，傅里叶变换红外光谱结果表明，细颗粒具有主要的无机峰，并且随年龄的增长变得相对均匀。该研究提出将细颗粒用作二次资源；然而，根据应用的不同，可能需要进行一些预处理。
