Department of Dermatology, Graduate School, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Bunkyo-ku, Japan.
Department of Dermatology, Dokkyo Medical University, Shimotsuga-gun, Japan.
Exp Dermatol. 2021 Mar;30(3):367-376. doi: 10.1111/exd.14216. Epub 2020 Nov 2.
Food allergy is an antigen-specific immunological adverse reaction after exposure to a given food. Multiple clinical studies showed that oral immunotherapy (OIT) is effective for the prevention and treatment for food allergy that is developed in infants and children. However, the effectiveness of OIT for epicutaneously sensitized food allergy remains unclear. Previously, we established a mouse model of epicutaneous-sensitized food allergy. In this model, systemic allergic reaction including intestinal and skin symptoms, such as anaphylaxis, was observed. We treated this model with OIT in two ways (OIT before sensitization or OIT during the sensitization phase) and evaluated the preventive effect of both methods. OIT before sensitization significantly ameliorated mast cell degranulation in sensitized skin, but there was no decrease in rectal temperatures or in mast cell degranulation in the jejunum. However, OIT administered during the sensitization phase significantly ameliorated the decrease in rectal temperature and mast cell degranulation in the skin and jejunum. OIT before sensitization increased the regulatory T cells in mesenteric lymph node (MLN), but not in the spleen, and it reduced antigen-specific IgG, but not IgE, production compared with the non-OIT control. However, OIT during sensitization caused a greater increase in regulatory T cells in both the MLN and spleen and reduced antigen-specific IgE and IgG generation compared with the non-OIT control group. Thus, OIT during the sensitization phase was effective for the prevention of epicutaneous-sensitized food allergy.
食物过敏是一种特定抗原的免疫不良反应，发生于接触某种特定食物后。多项临床研究表明，口服免疫疗法（OIT）对预防和治疗婴儿及儿童食物过敏是有效的。然而，OIT 对经皮致敏食物过敏的有效性尚不清楚。此前，我们建立了一种经皮致敏食物过敏的小鼠模型。在该模型中，观察到全身性过敏反应，包括肠道和皮肤症状，如过敏反应。我们用两种方法（致敏前 OIT 或致敏期 OIT）对该模型进行治疗，并评估了这两种方法的预防效果。致敏前 OIT 显著改善了致敏皮肤中的肥大细胞脱颗粒，但直肠温度或空肠肥大细胞脱颗粒没有降低。然而，致敏期 OIT 显著改善了直肠温度和皮肤及空肠肥大细胞脱颗粒的降低。致敏前 OIT 增加了肠系膜淋巴结（MLN）中的调节性 T 细胞，但不增加脾脏中的调节性 T 细胞，并减少了抗原特异性 IgG，但不减少 IgE 的产生，与非 OIT 对照组相比。然而，致敏期 OIT 引起 MLN 和脾脏中调节性 T 细胞的增加更大，并减少了抗原特异性 IgE 和 IgG 的产生，与非 OIT 对照组相比。因此，致敏期 OIT 对预防经皮致敏食物过敏是有效的。
