Department of Animal Science, São Paulo State University (UNESP), College of Technology and Agricultural Sciences, Brazil.
Department of Parasitology, University of São Paulo (Institute of Biomedical Sciences-USP), São Paulo-SP, Brazil.
Br Poult Sci. 2021 Apr;62(2):251-260. doi: 10.1080/00071668.2020.1837344. Epub 2020 Dec 14.
1. The effect of and mushrooms as an alternative to antibiotics (avilamycin or monensin sodium) on performance, intestinal morphometry, immunity, and biochemical profile of broilers challenged with . was studied from 1 to 42 d old. A total of 900 male Cobb® broiler chicks were distributed, according to a completely randomised design, into five treatments with six replicates each.2. The treatments consisted of: negative control (NC) - basal diet (BD) with no anticoccidial or antibiotic (non-challenged birds); negative control challenged (NCC) - NC fed to . challenged birds; BD with 0.2% inclusion for challenged birds (As), BD with 0.2% inclusion for challenged birds (Po); and a positive control - BD with anticoccidial and antibiotic inclusion for challenged birds (ATB).3. At 11 d.o., the birds were each inoculated orally with 1 ml solution containing 2 × 10 sporulated oocysts/ml and 2 × 10 sporulated oocysts/ml and .4. Birds subjected to . challenge up to 21 d of age had greater crypt depth, indicating that the presence of undesirable microorganisms had an effect on cell proliferation.5. At 21 d old, the birds receiving ATB had higher average weight gain (AWG), feed intake (AFI), and feed conversion ratio (FCR) compared to those fed diets supplemented with mushrooms (As or Po). For the total rearing period (42 days), the birds that received ATB had higher AWG and AFI (P < 0.001) compared to those that received As or Po diets. Feeding avilamycin did not affect (P = 0.0676) FCR compared to the As or Po diet groups.6. From the morphometric and blood analyses there were no differences between broilers fed ATB, Po or As diets in either rearing periods. However, Po and As supplementation lowered blood triglyceride levels. At 21d there was a difference (P < 0.05) for MCV and haemoglobin, in which the mushrooms were similar to the antibiotic. At 42 d, there was a difference (P < 0.05) in haematocrit, erythrocyte, MCV, H: L, protein and albumin variables, in which the use of mushrooms was similar to the positive control, demonstrating that both (mushrooms and antibiotics) promoted a certain improvement in the health of the chickens.7. and can be used in broiler diets without compromising intestinal or haematological status, however, these ingredients did not result in improvements in performance.
本研究旨在探讨在饲粮中添加不同剂量的 和 蘑菇替代抗生素（阿维拉霉素或莫能菌素钠）对感染 的肉鸡的生产性能、肠道形态、免疫和生化指标的影响。试验选用 1 日龄雄性科宝（Cobb）肉鸡 900 只，采用完全随机设计，分为 5 个处理，每个处理 6 个重复。
处理如下：阴性对照组（NC）-基础饲粮（BD），不添加抗球虫药或抗生素（未感染鸡）；阴性对照感染组（NCC）-NC 饲粮喂感染鸡；BD 添加 0.2% 用于感染鸡（As）；BD 添加 0.2% 用于感染鸡（Po）；阳性对照组-BD 添加抗球虫药和抗生素用于感染鸡（ATB）。
11 日龄时，每只鸡口服接种含 2×10 个孢子化卵囊/ml 和 2×10 个孢子化卵囊/ml 的 1ml 溶液。
21 日龄时，感染 的鸡的隐窝深度增加，表明有害微生物的存在对细胞增殖有影响。
21 日龄时，与饲粮添加蘑菇（As 或 Po）的鸡相比，饲喂 ATB 的鸡的平均体重增加（AWG）、采食量（AFI）和饲料转化率（FCR）更高。整个饲养期（42 天），饲喂 ATB 的鸡的 AWG 和 AFI 均高于饲喂 As 或 Po 饲粮的鸡（P<0.001）。与 As 或 Po 组相比，饲粮添加阿维拉霉素对 FCR 没有影响（P=0.0676）。
在整个饲养期内，饲喂 ATB、Po 或 As 的鸡的肠道形态和血液分析均无差异。然而，Po 和 As 组的鸡的血液甘油三酯水平降低。21 日龄时，MCV 和血红蛋白有差异（P<0.05），蘑菇组与抗生素组相似。42 日龄时，红细胞、MCV、H：L、蛋白和白蛋白等变量有差异（P<0.05），蘑菇的使用与阳性对照组相似，表明两者（蘑菇和抗生素）都促进了鸡的健康状况的一定改善。
和 蘑菇可用于肉鸡饲粮中，不会损害肠道或血液状况，但不会提高生产性能。
