Unidad de Investigación Médica en Enfermedades Endocrinas, Centro Médico Nacional, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Ciudad de México.
Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Toluca, Estado de México.
Cir Cir. 2020;88(5):664-671. doi: 10.24875/CIRU.20000057.
Excess adipose tissue is considered one of the main causes of metabolic and cardiovascular diseases. Initially, the adipose tissue was considered the main lipid and energy storage of the organism. Subsequently it was discovered that adipose tissue had other functions such as endocrine, controlling different metabolic and immune processes. Currently, different types of adipose tissue are recognized. The white adipocyte represents the main energy reserve, on the contrary the brown adipocyte is responsible for the oxidation of lipids for thermogenesis. The beige adipocyte originates from the white adipocyte, by a process known as "browning", which leads to lipolysis and thermogenesis. The 3 previous types have recently joined the blue adipocyte, which has a role in liver retinoid homeostasis and the pink adipocyte that participates in lactogenesis and is present in the mammary gland of animals; its role is still unknown in humans. The newly identified hormone Irisin is secreted by the skeletal muscle and promotes browning of white to beige adipose tissue, thus favoring thermogenesis. Another interesting aspect of this hormone is that it represents a connection between muscle activity and lipolysis. The above suggests that Irisin may be the key in the prevention and treatment of obesity.
过多的脂肪组织被认为是代谢和心血管疾病的主要原因之一。最初，脂肪组织被认为是机体主要的脂质和能量储存器官。随后发现，脂肪组织还有其他功能，如内分泌，控制不同的代谢和免疫过程。目前，已经识别出不同类型的脂肪组织。白色脂肪细胞代表主要的能量储备，而棕色脂肪细胞则负责脂质的氧化以产热。米色脂肪细胞源自白色脂肪细胞，通过一种称为“褐变”的过程，导致脂肪分解和产热。最近，前 3 种类型又加入了蓝色脂肪细胞，它在肝脏视黄醇稳态中发挥作用，而粉红色脂肪细胞则参与泌乳，并存在于动物的乳腺中；其在人类中的作用尚不清楚。新发现的激素鸢尾素由骨骼肌分泌，促进白色脂肪向米色脂肪的褐变，从而促进产热。这种激素的另一个有趣方面是，它代表了肌肉活动和脂肪分解之间的联系。以上表明，鸢尾素可能是肥胖预防和治疗的关键。
