MOE Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Systems Optimization, North China Electric Power University, Beijing, 102206, China.
Center for Energy, Environment and Ecology Research, UR-BNU, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China.
Water Res. 2021 Jan 1;188:116480. doi: 10.1016/j.watres.2020.116480. Epub 2020 Sep 30.
Sulfamethoxazole (SMX) is the most widely distributed sulfonamide antibiotics detected in decentralized poultry wastewater in rural communities. As an economically-feasible and eco-friendly technology for decentralized wastewater treatment in rural areas, vertical-flow multi-soil-layering (MSL) system was promising to mitigate the ecological and human health risks from SMX in such areas. The treatment of SMX-contained poultry wastewater by using MSL systems was investigated for the first time, and the main and interactive effects of related multiple variables on system performance were explored through factorial analysis, including material of permeable layer, concentration of SMX, and pH of influent. Results indicated that SMX concentration and pH of influent showed significantly negative effects on SMX removal. Medical stone used in MSL systems with larger surface area could intensify the SMX removal compared to anthracite. MSL systems showed stable performances on SMX removal with the best SMX removal efficiency more than 91%. A novel stepwise-cluster inference (SCI) model was developed for the first time to map the multivariate numeric relationships between state variables and SMX removal under discrete and nonlinear complexities. It was demonstrated that the effect of SMX in wastewater with high concentration was significant on the differentiation of soil bacteria composition in MSL systems based on microbial diversity analysis. These results can help better understand the mechanism of SMX removal in MSL systems from perspectives of factorial analysis, numeric modeling, and microbiological change.
磺胺甲恶唑（SMX）是在农村社区分散式家禽废水中检测到的分布最广泛的磺胺类抗生素。作为农村分散式废水处理的一种经济可行且环保的技术，垂直流多土层（MSL）系统有望减轻此类地区 SMX 带来的生态和人类健康风险。首次研究了 MSL 系统处理含 SMX 的家禽废水，通过析因分析探讨了相关多个变量对系统性能的主要和交互影响，包括渗透层材料、SMX 浓度和进水 pH 值。结果表明，SMX 浓度和进水 pH 值对 SMX 去除有显著的负向影响。与无烟煤相比，MSL 系统中表面积更大的医用石可以增强 SMX 的去除。MSL 系统在去除 SMX 方面表现出稳定的性能，最佳 SMX 去除效率超过 91%。首次开发了一种新的逐步聚类推断（SCI）模型，用于在离散和非线性复杂条件下映射状态变量与 MSL 系统中 SMX 去除之间的多元数值关系。基于微生物多样性分析，结果表明，基于微生物多样性分析，高浓度废水中 SMX 的存在对 MSL 系统中土壤细菌组成的分化有显著影响。这些结果可以帮助从析因分析、数值建模和微生物变化的角度更好地理解 MSL 系统中 SMX 去除的机制。
