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阐明硅介导的镉胁迫下胡荽(Trachyspermum ammi L.)形态-生理-生化特性和有机酸分泌模式的差异。

Elucidating silicon-mediated distinct morpho-physio-biochemical attributes and organic acid exudation patterns of cadmium stressed Ajwain (Trachyspermum ammi L.).

机构信息

Department of Botany, Government College University, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan.

MOA Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.

出版信息

Plant Physiol Biochem. 2020 Dec;157:23-37. doi: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2020.10.010. Epub 2020 Oct 10.

Abstract

Soil contamination with toxic heavy metals [such as cadmium (Cd)] is becoming a serious global problem due to rapid development of social economy. Silicon (Si), being an important fertilizer element, has been found effective in enhancing plant tolerance against biotic and abiotic stresses. The present study investigated the extent to which different levels of Si modulated the Cd tolerance of Ajwain (Trachyspermum ammi L.) seedlings when maintained in artificially Cd spiked regimes. A pot experiment was conducted under controlled conditions for four weeks, by using sand, mixed with different levels of Cd i.e., 0, 1.5 and 3 mM together with the application of Si at 0, 1.5 and 3 mM levels to monitor different growth, gaseous exchange, oxidative stress, antioxidative responses, minerals accumulation, organic acid exudation patterns of T. ammi seedlings. Our results depicted that Cd addition to growth medium significantly decreased plant growth and biomass, gaseous exchange attributes and minerals uptake by T. ammi seedlings as compared to the plants grown without addition of Cd. However, Cd toxicity boosted the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) by increasing the contents of malondialdehyde (MDA), which is the indication of oxidative stress in T. ammi seedlings and was also manifested by hydrogen peroxide (HO) contents and electrolyte leakage to the membrane bounded organelles. Although, activities of various antioxidative enzymes like superoxidase dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), catalase (CAT) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) initially increased up to a Cd level of 1.5 mM but were significantly diminished at the highest Cd level of 3 mM. Results revealed that the anthocyanin and soluble proteins contents were decreased in seedlings grown under elevating Cd levels but increased the Cd accumulation of T. ammi roots and shoots. The negative impacts of Cd injury were reduced by the application of Si which increased plant growth and biomass, improved photosynthetic apparatus, antioxidant enzymes, minerals uptake together with diminished exudation of organic acids as well as oxidative stress indicators in roots and shoots of T. ammi by decreasing Cd retention in different plant parts. Research findings, therefore, suggested that Si application can ameliorate Cd toxicity in T. ammi seedlings and resulted in improved plant growth and composition under metal stress as depicted by balanced exudation of organic acids.

摘要

由于社会经济的快速发展,土壤中有毒重金属(如镉)的污染正成为一个严重的全球性问题。硅(Si)作为一种重要的肥料元素,已被发现能有效增强植物对生物和非生物胁迫的耐受性。本研究调查了在人为添加 Cd 的条件下,不同水平的 Si 对胡荽(Trachyspermum ammi L.)幼苗 Cd 耐受性的调节程度。在控制条件下进行了为期四周的盆栽实验,使用沙子,混合不同水平的 Cd,即 0、1.5 和 3 mM,同时施加 0、1.5 和 3 mM 水平的 Si,以监测 T. ammi 幼苗的不同生长、气体交换、氧化应激、抗氧化反应、矿物质积累、有机酸分泌模式。我们的结果表明,与未添加 Cd 的植物相比,向生长培养基中添加 Cd 显著降低了 T. ammi 幼苗的生长和生物量、气体交换特性和矿物质吸收。然而,Cd 毒性通过增加丙二醛(MDA)的含量,促进了活性氧(ROS)的产生,这表明 T. ammi 幼苗发生了氧化应激,而过氧化氢(HO)含量和电解质向膜结合细胞器的泄漏也表明了这一点。虽然,各种抗氧化酶如超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)和抗坏血酸过氧化物酶(APX)的活性最初在 Cd 水平为 1.5 mM 时增加,但在 Cd 水平最高为 3 mM 时显著降低。结果表明,在 Cd 水平升高的情况下,幼苗中的花色素苷和可溶性蛋白含量降低,但增加了 T. ammi 根和茎的 Cd 积累。Si 的应用减少了 Cd 损伤的负面影响,增加了植物的生长和生物量,改善了光合器官,抗氧化酶,矿物质吸收,以及减少了根和茎中有机酸的分泌以及氧化应激指标,从而降低了不同植物部位的 Cd 保留。因此,研究结果表明,Si 的应用可以减轻 T. ammi 幼苗的 Cd 毒性,并在金属胁迫下通过平衡有机酸的分泌,改善植物的生长和组成。

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