Institute of Soil, Water and Environmental Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization, Newe Ya'ar Research Center, Israel; Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel.
Institute of Soil, Water and Environmental Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization, Newe Ya'ar Research Center, Israel.
Waste Manag. 2021 Jan 1;119:202-214. doi: 10.1016/j.wasman.2020.09.040. Epub 2020 Oct 15.
Short-term on-site composting of poultry carcasses and broiler litter (BL) is considered as a feasible technology for pathogen elimination during events of mass mortality in poultry houses. However, factors related to mass losses and physical transformation of the poultry carcass, and associated emissions of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and odors, have not been thoroughly evaluated. This study aims to characterize the degradation of separated carcass parts co-composted with BL and the associated air emissions during 30 days of enclosed composting at 50 °C with constant aeration. The study was carried out in lab-scale simulators using five mixtures containing feathers, rib bones, skins, breast muscles, and hearts and livers, prepared at a 1:2 volumetric ratio (carcass:BL). Dry mass losses reached 59.5, 41.1, 60.8 and 103.5% (based on weight) or 48.4, 29.6, 49.7, and 94.8% (based on CO-C and NH-N emissions), for rib bones, skins, breast muscles, and hearts and livers, respectively. Visually, most of the carcass parts were degraded, and the typical carcass odor had disappeared by the end of the 30 days. Out of 24 VOCs, dimethyl disulfide (DMDS) and dimethyl trisulfide (DMTS) contributed 80.7-88.3% of the total VOC flux, considering the partial contribution of each part to the emissions involved with the whole carcass. DMDS, DMTS, benzaldehyde, methanethiol, pentanoic acid, and NH, contributed 90.5-97.9% of the odor activity values during composting. DMDS/DMTS ratio is suggested as a potential biomarker of stabilization and readiness of the compost for transportation toward further treatment or safe burial.
短期现场堆肥家禽尸体和肉鸡垫料 (BL) 被认为是在大规模家禽死亡事件中消除病原体的可行技术。然而，与家禽尸体大量损失和物理转化以及相关挥发性有机化合物 (VOC) 和气味排放有关的因素尚未得到彻底评估。本研究旨在对 BL 共堆肥的分离家禽尸体部分的降解进行特征描述，并在 50°C 下以恒定充气率进行 30 天密闭堆肥过程中评估相关空气排放。该研究在实验室规模模拟器中进行，使用包含羽毛、肋骨、皮肤、胸肌和心脏与肝脏的五种混合物，按体积比 1:2（尸体：BL）制备。干物质损失分别达到 59.5%、41.1%、60.8%和 103.5%（基于重量）或 48.4%、29.6%、49.7%和 94.8%（基于 CO-C 和 NH-N 排放），用于肋骨、皮肤、胸肌和心脏与肝脏。从外观上看，大多数尸体部分已经降解，典型的尸体气味在 30 天结束时已经消失。在 24 种 VOC 中，二甲基二硫 (DMDS) 和二甲基三硫 (DMTS) 分别占总 VOC 通量的 80.7-88.3%，考虑到每个部分对所涉及排放的部分贡献与整个尸体。在堆肥过程中，DMDS、DMTS、苯甲醛、甲硫醇、戊酸和 NH 对气味活性值的贡献为 90.5-97.9%。DMDS/DMTS 比被建议作为稳定和准备堆肥进行运输的潜在生物标志物，以进行进一步处理或安全掩埋。
