Department of Chemical Pathology, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
J Leukoc Biol. 2020 Nov;108(5):1593-1602. doi: 10.1002/JLB.6MR0720-131R. Epub 2020 Oct 18.
Recently, immune cell-mediated tissue repair and regeneration has been an emerging paradigm of regenerative medicine. Immune cells form an essential part of the wound as induction of inflammation is a necessary step to elicit tissue healing. Rapid progress in transcriptomic analyses by high-throughput next-generation sequencing has been developed to study gene regulatory network and establish molecular signatures of immune cells that could potentially predict their functional roles in tissue repair and regeneration. However, the identification of cellular heterogeneity especially on the rare cell subsets has been limited in transcriptomic analyses of bulk cell populations. Therefore, genome-wide, single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-Seq) has offered an unprecedented approach to unravel cellular diversity and to study novel immune cell populations involved in tissue repair and regeneration through unsupervised sampling of individual cells without the need to rely on prior knowledge about cell-specific markers. The analysis of gene expression patterns at a single-cell resolution also holds promises to uncover the mechanisms and therefore the development of therapeutic strategy promoting immunoregenerative medicine. In this review, we will discuss how scRNA-Seq facilitates the characterization of immune cells, including macrophages, innate lymphoid cells and T and B lymphocytes, discovery of immune cell heterogeneity, identification of novel subsets, and tracking of developmental trajectories of distinct immune cells during tissue homeostasis, repair, and regeneration.
最近，免疫细胞介导的组织修复和再生已成为再生医学的一个新兴范例。免疫细胞是伤口的重要组成部分，因为炎症的诱导是引发组织愈合的必要步骤。高通量下一代测序的转录组分析的快速进展已经发展起来，以研究基因调控网络，并建立免疫细胞的分子特征，这些特征有可能预测它们在组织修复和再生中的功能作用。然而，在批量细胞群体的转录组分析中，细胞异质性的鉴定，特别是稀有细胞亚群的鉴定受到限制。因此，全基因组单细胞 RNA 测序（scRNA-Seq）通过对单个细胞进行无监督采样，提供了一种前所未有的方法来揭示细胞多样性，并通过研究参与组织修复和再生的新型免疫细胞群体，而无需依赖对细胞特异性标志物的先验知识。单细胞分辨率的基因表达模式分析也有望揭示机制，从而为促进免疫再生医学的治疗策略的发展提供帮助。在这篇综述中，我们将讨论 scRNA-Seq 如何促进免疫细胞（包括巨噬细胞、固有淋巴细胞和 T 和 B 淋巴细胞）的特征描述、免疫细胞异质性的发现、新型亚群的鉴定以及在组织稳态、修复和再生过程中不同免疫细胞发育轨迹的跟踪。
