Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States.
Baltimore Veterans Administration Medical Center, Baltimore, MD, United States.
Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2020 Sep 23;11:578194. doi: 10.3389/fendo.2020.578194. eCollection 2020.
The skeleton is a dynamic and metabolically active organ with the capacity to influence whole body metabolism. This newly recognized function has propagated interest in the connection between bone health and metabolic dysfunction. Osteoblasts, the specialized mesenchymal cells responsible for the production of bone matrix and mineralization, rely on multiple fuel sources. The utilization of glucose by osteoblasts has long been a focus of research, however, lipids and their derivatives, are increasingly recognized as a vital energy source. Osteoblasts possess the necessary receptors and catabolic enzymes for internalization and utilization of circulating lipids. Disruption of these processes can impair osteoblast function, resulting in skeletal deficits while simultaneously altering whole body lipid homeostasis. This article provides an overview of the metabolism of postprandial and stored lipids and the osteoblast's ability to acquire and utilize these molecules. We focus on the requirement for fatty acid oxidation and the pathways regulating this function as well as the negative impact of dyslipidemia on the osteoblast and skeletal health. These findings provide key insights into the nuances of lipid metabolism in influencing skeletal homeostasis which are critical to appreciate the extent of the osteoblast's role in metabolic homeostasis.
骨骼是一个具有代谢活性的动态器官，有能力影响全身代谢。这种新发现的功能引起了人们对骨骼健康和代谢功能障碍之间联系的兴趣。成骨细胞是负责产生骨基质和矿化的专门间充质细胞，依赖于多种燃料来源。成骨细胞对葡萄糖的利用一直是研究的重点，然而，脂质及其衍生物越来越被认为是一种重要的能量来源。成骨细胞具有内化和利用循环脂质所需的必要受体和分解代谢酶。这些过程的破坏会损害成骨细胞的功能，导致骨骼缺陷，同时改变全身脂质稳态。本文概述了餐后和储存脂质的代谢以及成骨细胞获取和利用这些分子的能力。我们重点介绍了脂肪酸氧化的要求以及调节该功能的途径，以及脂代谢异常对成骨细胞和骨骼健康的负面影响。这些发现为脂质代谢在影响骨骼稳态中的细微差别提供了关键见解，这对于理解成骨细胞在代谢稳态中的作用程度至关重要。
