Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, De Montfort University, Leicester, England.
Nurs Stand. 2020 Nov 4;35(11):37-42. doi: 10.7748/ns.2020.e11599. Epub 2020 Oct 19.
The insertion of an indwelling urethral urinary catheter is an invasive procedure that is commonly undertaken in healthcare settings. However, there are several risks and potential complications associated with these devices, so their use should be avoided where possible. It is important that nurses are equipped with the necessary knowledge and skills not only to assess if a patient requires a catheter, but also to minimise the risk of associated complications and to understand how these can be managed. This article discusses some of the common complications that can occur with the use of indwelling urinary catheters, including: catheter-associated urinary tract infections; catheter blockages; encrustation; negative pressure; bladder spasm and trauma; and, in men, paraphimosis. It also explains the steps that nurses can take to reduce the risk of these complications and how to manage them effectively.
留置导尿是一种常见的侵入性操作，通常在医疗保健环境中进行。然而，这些设备存在一些风险和潜在的并发症，因此应尽可能避免使用。护士不仅需要具备评估患者是否需要导尿管的必要知识和技能，还需要了解如何将相关并发症的风险降到最低，并理解如何处理这些并发症。本文讨论了留置导尿管使用过程中可能出现的一些常见并发症，包括：与导管相关的尿路感染；导管堵塞；结石形成；负压；膀胱痉挛和创伤；以及在男性中，嵌顿包茎。本文还解释了护士可以采取哪些措施来降低这些并发症的风险，以及如何有效地进行管理。
