Faculdade de Economia do Porto, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.
Faculdade de Economia do Porto, Universidade do Porto and CEF.UP., Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-464, Porto, Portugal.
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2021 Feb;28(7):8873-8888. doi: 10.1007/s11356-020-11091-6. Epub 2020 Oct 19.
Although concerns about the environment have been raised by some governments and the public in general, literature has explored the possibility that Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) may flow from countries with strict environmental regulations to countries where the regulations are less stringent-the pollution haven hypothesis (PHH). In response to that tendency, some countries may implement less stringent regulations, in order to attract FDI, resulting in the race to the bottom effect (RTB). As the number of studies on this topic has expanded dramatically in the last two decades, the present work intends to provide an updated literature review on the relationship between FDI and environmental regulations. Through a bibliometric analysis, we evaluate the relevance of existing studies and identify possible trends. Results show that there is considerable empirical evidence for the PHH, but fewer studies confirm the RTB, and that topic has been increasingly analysed.
尽管一些政府和公众已经对环境问题表示担忧，但文献已经探讨了外国直接投资（FDI）可能从环境法规严格的国家流向法规宽松的国家的可能性——污染避难所假说（PHH）。针对这种趋势，一些国家可能会实施较为宽松的法规，以吸引 FDI，从而导致了竞相降低环境标准的效应（RTB）。由于过去二十年来关于这一主题的研究数量急剧增加，本研究旨在对 FDI 与环境法规之间的关系提供最新的文献综述。通过文献计量分析，我们评估了现有研究的相关性，并确定了可能的趋势。结果表明，PHH 有相当多的经验证据，但确认 RTB 的研究较少，而且该主题的分析也在逐渐增加。
