Rutgers, State University of New Jersey.
Silver School of Social Work.
J Fam Psychol. 2021 Mar;35(2):213-224. doi: 10.1037/fam0000811. Epub 2020 Oct 19.
Using the ECLS-K, a dataset following a nationally representative cohort of children from kindergarten through 8th grade in the United States (N ≈ 9,250), this study fills the following knowledge gaps. We captured childhood economic experiences by incorporating multiple forms of exposures to income-based deprivation-poverty depth (i.e., the severity of deprivation), spells (i.e., length of time in poverty), and income volatility (i.e., fluctuations in family income)-with a latent class analysis. We also examined how different patterns of economic experiences shaped adolescents' socioemotional functioning through family stress (parental depressive symptoms and punitive parenting) and family investment (provision of stimulating materials and parental school involvement) pathways via structural equation modeling. Our analysis indicated 6 classes of deprivation, and these deprivation patterns had both direct and indirect significant associations with children's locus of control and internalizing behaviors. Our structural equation modeling results further indicated that deprivation was associated with parental depressive symptoms, which were, in turn, associated with parents providing less cognitively stimulating materials to children and engaging less in children's school activities. These disadvantages were associated with unfavorable socioemotional functioning in 8th grade. The findings highlight the importance of family practitioners and psychologists recognizing and acting on the interconnections among deprivation, inequity, and child well-being. Our results also suggest considering variations in economic experiences and mechanisms when developing informed policies and programs. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).
本研究利用 ECLS-K，对美国从幼儿园到 8 年级的具有全国代表性的儿童队列（N≈9250）进行了研究，填补了以下知识空白。我们通过纳入多种基于收入的剥夺形式的暴露——贫困深度（即剥夺的严重程度）、贫困持续时间（即贫困时间长短）和收入波动性（即家庭收入的波动）——使用潜在类别分析来捕捉儿童的经济经历。我们还通过结构方程模型，研究了不同的经济经历模式如何通过家庭压力（父母抑郁症状和惩罚性育儿）和家庭投资（提供刺激材料和父母参与学校活动）途径塑造青少年的社会情感功能。我们的分析表明存在 6 种贫困模式，这些贫困模式与儿童的控制点和内化行为既有直接关联，也有间接关联。我们的结构方程模型结果进一步表明，贫困与父母的抑郁症状有关，而父母的抑郁症状又与父母向孩子提供较少认知刺激材料和较少参与孩子的学校活动有关。这些劣势与 8 年级时不利的社会情感功能有关。研究结果强调了家庭医生和心理学家认识到贫困、不平等和儿童福祉之间的相互联系并采取行动的重要性。我们的研究结果还表明，在制定明智的政策和计划时，应考虑经济经历的差异和机制。（PsycInfo 数据库记录（c）2021 APA，保留所有权利）。
