MTA-ELTE Social Minds Research Group, Institute of Psychology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Izabella u. 46, 1064, Budapest, Hungary; Department of Cognitive Science, Central European University, Nádor u 9, 1051 Budapest, Hungary.
MTA-ELTE Social Minds Research Group, Institute of Psychology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Izabella u. 46, 1064, Budapest, Hungary; Cognitive Development Center, Central European University, Oktober 6 u. 7, Budapest, Hungary; Institute for Advanced Studies Paris, 17 Quai d'Anjou, 75004, Paris, France.
Cognition. 2021 Jan;206:104480. doi: 10.1016/j.cognition.2020.104480. Epub 2020 Oct 16.
In everyday life, mentalizing is nested in a rich context of cognitive faculties and background information that potentially contribute to its success. Yet, we know little about these modulating effects. Here we propose that humans develop a naïve psychological model of attention (featured as a goal-dependent, intentional relation to the environment) and use this to fine-tune their mentalizing attempts, presuming that the way people represent their environment is influenced by the cognitive priorities (attention) their current intentions create. The attention model provides an opportunity to tailor mental state inferences to the temporary features of the agent whose mind is in the focus of mentalizing. The ability to trace attention is an exceptionally powerful aid for mindreading. Knowledge about the partner's attention provides background information, however being grounded in his current intentions, attention has direct relevance to the ongoing interaction. Furthermore, due to its causal connection to intentions, the output of the attention model remains valid for a prolonged but predictable amount of time: till the evoking intention is in place. The naïve attention model theory is offered as a novel theory on social attention that both incorporates existing evidence and identifies new directions in research.
在日常生活中，心理理论嵌套在丰富的认知能力和背景信息的语境中，这些因素可能有助于其成功。然而，我们对这些调节效应知之甚少。在这里，我们提出人类发展了一种朴素的注意心理模型（表现为与环境的目标依赖的、有意的关系），并利用它来微调他们的心理理论尝试，假设人们对环境的表现方式受到他们当前意图所产生的认知优先级（注意力）的影响。注意模型为根据注意力主体的临时特征来调整心理状态推断提供了机会，而注意力主体正是心理理论的关注焦点。追踪注意力的能力是一种非常强大的读心辅助工具。关于伙伴注意力的知识提供了背景信息，但由于它基于其当前意图，因此注意力与正在进行的互动直接相关。此外，由于它与意图的因果关系，注意模型的输出在可预测的延长时间内保持有效：直到激发意图的存在。朴素的注意模型理论被提出作为一种新的社会注意理论，它既包含了现有证据，又确定了研究的新方向。
