Institute of Reproductive Health and Center for Reproductive Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P. R. China.
Biol Reprod. 2021 Feb 11;104(2):294-304. doi: 10.1093/biolre/ioaa194.
Mitophagy is the process by which cells selectively remove supernumerary or damaged mitochondria through autophagy, and is crucial for mitochondrial homeostasis and cell survival. Mitochondria play vital roles in determining the developmental competence of oocytes. During the early stages of oogenesis, aberrant mitochondria can be removed by mitophagy. After oocyte formation, mitophagy is not actively initiated to clear damaged mitochondria despite the presence of mitophagy regulators in oocytes, which leads to the transmission of dysfunctional mitochondria from the oocyte to the embryo. However, granulosa cells around oocytes can improve mitochondrial function through mitophagy, thereby improving oocyte developmental capacity. Furthermore, this review discusses recent work on the substances and environmental conditions that affect mitophagy in oocytes and granulosa cells, thus providing new directions for improving oocyte quality during assisted reproductive technology treatment.
自噬是细胞通过自噬选择性清除多余或受损线粒体的过程，对于线粒体的动态平衡和细胞的存活至关重要。线粒体在决定卵母细胞的发育能力方面起着至关重要的作用。在卵母细胞发生的早期阶段，可以通过自噬去除异常的线粒体。在卵母细胞形成后，尽管卵母细胞中存在自噬调节剂，但不会主动启动自噬来清除受损的线粒体，这导致功能失调的线粒体从卵母细胞传递到胚胎。然而，卵母细胞周围的颗粒细胞可以通过自噬来改善线粒体功能，从而提高卵母细胞的发育能力。此外，本文还讨论了影响卵母细胞和颗粒细胞自噬的物质和环境条件的最新研究进展，为提高辅助生殖技术治疗过程中卵母细胞的质量提供了新的方向。
