Zhang Yi-Ran, Xu De-Jun
Chongqing Key Laboratory of Herbivore Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China.
Animals (Basel). 2025 Jul 7;15(13):2000. doi: 10.3390/ani15132000.
Oocyte maturation represents a fundamental biological process in bovine reproduction, establishing the physiological basis for fertilization and early embryonic development while critically determining the propagation of improved varieties and breeding efficiency. The roles of MQC in reproduction have gained substantial scientific attention. The proper maturation of oocytes fundamentally depends on adequate mitochondrial functionality. However, the intrinsic regulatory mechanisms governing MQC during bovine oocyte maturation remain incompletely characterized. Here, we discuss the most recent progress on the molecular mechanisms and roles of mitochondrial fission/fusion, biogenesis, and mitophagy in MQC. Building upon the mechanistic foundations of MQC in bovine oocyte maturation, this review identifies key mitochondrial-targeted supplements with potential applications in enhancing oocyte quality. Furthermore, we evaluate epigenetic influences on mitochondrial regulatory networks through mitochondrial-nuclear communication. Finally, we discuss the challenges in elucidating mitochondrial quality control mechanisms during oocyte maturation and propose corresponding strategies to address these obstacles. Integrating mechanistic insights, this review proposes strategies to enhance in vitro culture systems and identify oocyte quality markers, providing valuable insights for optimizing in vitro production (IVP) of bovine embryos and enhancing reproductive efficiency.
卵母细胞成熟是牛繁殖过程中的一个基本生物学过程，它为受精和早期胚胎发育奠定了生理基础，同时对优良品种的繁育和繁殖效率起着关键的决定作用。线粒体质量控制（MQC）在繁殖中的作用已引起了科学界的广泛关注。卵母细胞的正常成熟从根本上依赖于充足的线粒体功能。然而，牛卵母细胞成熟过程中调控MQC的内在机制仍未完全明确。在此，我们讨论线粒体分裂/融合、生物发生和线粒体自噬在MQC中的分子机制及作用方面的最新进展。基于牛卵母细胞成熟过程中MQC的机制基础，本综述确定了在提高卵母细胞质量方面具有潜在应用价值的关键线粒体靶向补充剂。此外，我们通过线粒体-细胞核通讯评估表观遗传对线粒体调控网络的影响。最后，我们讨论了阐明卵母细胞成熟过程中线粒体质量控制机制所面临的挑战，并提出应对这些障碍的相应策略。综合机制性见解，本综述提出了增强体外培养系统和识别卵母细胞质量标志物的策略，为优化牛胚胎的体外生产（IVP）和提高繁殖效率提供了有价值的见解。
