Abdollahi Amin, Roghani-Mamaqani Hossein, Razavi Bahareh, Salami-Kalajahi Mehdi
Faculty of Polymer Engineering, Sahand University of Technology, 51335-1996 Tabriz, Iran.
Institute of Polymeric Materials, Sahand University of Technology, 51335-1996 Tabriz, Iran.
ACS Nano. 2020 Nov 24;14(11):14417-14492. doi: 10.1021/acsnano.0c07289. Epub 2020 Oct 20.
Counterfeiting and inverse engineering of security and confidential documents, such as banknotes, passports, national cards, certificates, and valuable products, has significantly been increased, which is a major challenge for governments, companies, and customers. From recent global reports published in 2017, the counterfeiting market was evaluated to be $107.26 billion in 2016 and forecasted to reach $206.57 billion by 2021 at a compound annual growth rate of 14.0%. Development of anticounterfeiting and authentication technologies with multilevel securities is a powerful solution to overcome this challenge. Stimuli-chromic (photochromic, hydrochromic, and thermochromic) and photoluminescent (fluorescent and phosphorescent) compounds are the most significant and applicable materials for development of complex anticounterfeiting inks with a high-security level and fast authentication. Highly efficient anticounterfeiting and authentication technologies have been developed to reach high security and efficiency. Applicable materials for anticounterfeiting applications are generally based on photochromic and photoluminescent compounds, for which hydrochromic and thermochromic materials have extensively been used in recent decades. A wide range of materials, such as organic and inorganic metal complexes, polymer nanoparticles, quantum dots, polymer dots, carbon dots, upconverting nanoparticles, and supramolecular structures, could display all of these phenomena depending on their physical and chemical characteristics. The polymeric anticounterfeiting inks have recently received significant attention because of their high stability for printing on confidential documents. In addition, the printing technologies including hand-writing, stamping, inkjet printing, screen printing, and anticounterfeiting labels are discussed for introduction of the most efficient methods for application of different anticounterfeiting inks. This review would help scientists to design and develop the most applicable encryption, authentication, and anticounterfeiting technologies with high security, fast detection, and potential applications in security marking and information encryption on various substrates.
诸如钞票、护照、国民身份证、证书和贵重产品等安全及机密文件的伪造和逆向工程显著增加，这对政府、公司和客户构成了重大挑战。根据2017年发布的近期全球报告，2016年伪造市场估值为1072.6亿美元，预计到2021年将达到2065.7亿美元，复合年增长率为14.0%。开发具有多级安全性的防伪和认证技术是克服这一挑战的有力解决方案。刺激变色（光致变色、水致变色和热致变色）和光致发光（荧光和磷光）化合物是开发具有高安全级别和快速认证的复杂防伪油墨最重要且适用的材料。已经开发出高效的防伪和认证技术以实现高安全性和高效率。防伪应用的适用材料通常基于光致变色和光致发光化合物，近几十年来水致变色和热致变色材料已被广泛使用。各种各样的材料，如有机和无机金属配合物、聚合物纳米颗粒、量子点、聚合物点、碳点、上转换纳米颗粒和超分子结构，可根据其物理和化学特性展现所有这些现象。聚合物防伪油墨因其在机密文件上印刷的高稳定性最近受到了极大关注。此外，还讨论了包括手写、盖章、喷墨印刷、丝网印刷和防伪标签在内的印刷技术，以介绍应用不同防伪油墨的最有效方法。这篇综述将有助于科学家设计和开发最适用的加密、认证和防伪技术，这些技术具有高安全性、快速检测能力，并在各种基材的安全标记和信息加密方面具有潜在应用。
