Kim Younghoon, Heer Jeffrey
IEEE Trans Vis Comput Graph. 2021 Feb;27(2):485-494. doi: 10.1109/TVCG.2020.3030360. Epub 2021 Jan 28.
Animated transitions help viewers follow changes between related visualizations. Specifying effective animations demands significant effort: authors must select the elements and properties to animate, provide transition parameters, and coordinate the timing of stages. To facilitate this process, we present Gemini, a declarative grammar and recommendation system for animated transitions between single-view statistical graphics. Gemini specifications define transition "steps" in terms of high-level visual components (marks, axes, legends) and composition rules to synchronize and concatenate steps. With this grammar, Gemini can recommend animation designs to augment and accelerate designers' work. Gemini enumerates staged animation designs for given start and end states, and ranks those designs using a cost function informed by prior perceptual studies. To evaluate Gemini, we conduct both a formative study on Mechanical Turk to assess and tune our ranking function, and a summative study in which 8 experienced visualization developers implement animations in D3 that we then compare to Gemini's suggestions. We find that most designs (9/11) are exactly replicable in Gemini, with many (8/11) achievable via edits to suggestions, and that Gemini suggestions avoid multiple participant errors.
动画过渡有助于观众跟上相关可视化之间的变化。指定有效的动画需要付出巨大努力：作者必须选择要设置动画的元素和属性，提供过渡参数，并协调各个阶段的时间安排。为了便于这一过程，我们展示了Gemini，这是一种用于单视图统计图形之间动画过渡的声明性语法和推荐系统。Gemini规范根据高级视觉组件（标记、轴、图例）和用于同步和连接步骤的组合规则来定义过渡“步骤”。有了这种语法，Gemini可以推荐动画设计，以增强和加速设计师的工作。Gemini为给定的起始和结束状态枚举分阶段的动画设计，并使用基于先前感知研究的成本函数对这些设计进行排名。为了评估Gemini，我们在亚马逊土耳其机器人平台上进行了一项形成性研究，以评估和调整我们的排名函数，并进行了一项总结性研究，其中8位经验丰富的可视化开发人员在D3中实现动画，然后我们将其与Gemini的建议进行比较。我们发现，大多数设计（9/11）在Gemini中可以完全复制，许多设计（8/11）通过对建议进行编辑即可实现，并且Gemini的建议避免了多个参与者的错误。
