Centre for Cancer Biology, University of South Australia and SA Pathology, Adelaide, SA, Australia.
Department of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia.
Nat Rev Cancer. 2021 Jan;21(1):22-36. doi: 10.1038/s41568-020-00306-0. Epub 2020 Oct 20.
While the processing of mRNA is essential for gene expression, recent findings have highlighted that RNA processing is systematically altered in cancer. Mutations in RNA splicing factor genes and the shortening of 3' untranslated regions are widely observed. Moreover, evidence is accumulating that other types of RNAs, including circular RNAs, can contribute to tumorigenesis. In this Review, we highlight how altered processing or activity of coding and non-coding RNAs contributes to cancer. We introduce the regulation of gene expression by coding and non-coding RNA and discuss both established roles (microRNAs and long non-coding RNAs) and emerging roles (selective mRNA processing and circular RNAs) for RNAs, highlighting the potential mechanisms by which these RNA subtypes contribute to cancer. The widespread alteration of coding and non-coding RNA demonstrates that altered RNA biogenesis contributes to multiple hallmarks of cancer.
虽然 mRNA 的加工对于基因表达至关重要，但最近的研究结果强调了 RNA 加工在癌症中系统性改变。RNA 剪接因子基因的突变和 3'非翻译区的缩短广泛存在。此外，越来越多的证据表明，包括环状 RNA 在内的其他类型的 RNA 也可以促进肿瘤发生。在这篇综述中，我们强调了编码和非编码 RNA 的加工或活性改变如何促进癌症。我们介绍了编码和非编码 RNA 对基因表达的调控，并讨论了 RNA 的既定作用（microRNAs 和长非编码 RNA）和新兴作用（选择性 mRNA 加工和环状 RNA），强调了这些 RNA 亚型促进癌症的潜在机制。编码和非编码 RNA 的广泛改变表明，RNA 生物发生的改变有助于癌症的多个特征。
