State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China.
University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
Planta. 2020 Oct 20;252(5):90. doi: 10.1007/s00425-020-03495-y.
Responses of plant biomass and yield components to warming are species-specific and are shifted as increased warming magnitude rises; this finding improves the results of IPCC AR5. The responses of crop yields to climatic warming have been extensively reported from experimental results, historical yield collections, and modeling research. However, an integrative report on the responses of plant biomass and yield components of three major crops to experimental warming is lacking. Here, a meta-analysis based on the most recent warming experiments was conducted to quantify the climatic warming responses of the biomass, grain yield (GY), and yield components of three staple crops. The results showed that the wheat total aboveground biomass (TAGB) increased by 6.0% with general warming, while the wheat GY did not significantly respond to warming; however, the responses shifted with increases in the mean growing season temperature (MGST). Negative effects on wheat TAGB and GY appeared when the MGSTs were above 15 °C and 13 °C, respectively. The wheat GY and the number of grains per panicle decreased by 8.4% and 7.5%, respectively, per degree Celsius increase. Increases in temperature significantly reduced the rice TAGB and GY by 4.3% and 16.6%, respectively, but rice straw biomass increased with increasing temperature. However, the rice grain weight and the number of panicles decreased with continuous increasing temperature (ΔT). The maize biomass, GY, and yield components all generally decreased with climatic warming. Finally, the crop responses to climatic warming were significantly influenced by warming time, warming treatment facility, and methods. Our findings can improve the assessment of crop responses to climatic warming and are useful for ensuring food security while combating future global climate change.
植物生物量和产量构成要素对变暖的响应因物种而异，并随着变暖幅度的增加而发生变化；这一发现改进了 IPCC AR5 的结果。气候变暖对作物产量的影响已从实验结果、历史产量收集和建模研究中得到广泛报道。然而，对于三种主要作物的生物量和产量构成要素对实验变暖的响应，还缺乏综合报告。在这里，基于最近的变暖实验进行了荟萃分析，以量化三种主要作物的生物量、籽粒产量 (GY) 和产量构成要素对气候变暖的响应。结果表明，一般变暖使小麦地上部总生物量 (TAGB) 增加了 6.0%，而小麦 GY 对变暖没有明显响应；然而，随着平均生长季节温度 (MGST) 的增加，响应发生了变化。当 MGST 分别超过 15°C 和 13°C 时，对小麦 TAGB 和 GY 产生负面影响。小麦 GY 和每穗粒数分别减少 8.4%和 7.5%。温度升高使水稻 TAGB 和 GY 分别显著减少 4.3%和 16.6%，但随着温度升高，水稻秸秆生物量增加。然而，随着温度的持续升高，稻谷重量和穗数减少。玉米生物量、GY 和产量构成要素普遍随气候变暖而减少。最后，作物对气候变暖的响应受变暖时间、变暖处理设施和方法的显著影响。我们的发现可以改进对作物对气候变暖响应的评估，对于在应对未来全球气候变化的同时确保粮食安全是有用的。
