University of Sheffield.
Queen's University Belfast.
J Health Polit Policy Law. 2021 Feb 1;46(1):177-203. doi: 10.1215/03616878-8706663.
The principal effects of Brexit on health and health care will fall within the United Kingdom, and all forms of Brexit have overwhelmingly negative implications for health care and health within the UK. This article focuses on the external effects of Brexit ("Brexternalities") for health and health care. The EU is a particularly powerful institutional and legal arrangement for managing economic and political externalities in health policy as in any other policy. Equally, when a state leaves the EU, the manner of leaving will result in better or worse management of relevant externalities. Brexternalities thus involve questions about policy legitimacy and accountability. Health Brexternalities do not fall equally in all EU countries. They are felt more distinctly in the context of those elements of health policy that are most closely entwined with the UK's health policy (e.g., on the island of Ireland, certain areas of Spain, and other parts of southern Europe). Some health Brexternalities, such as in medicine safety, will be imposed on the whole population of the EU. And some health Brexternalities, such as communicable disease control, will be felt globally.
英国脱欧对健康和医疗保健的主要影响将在英国国内产生，而且英国脱欧的所有形式都对英国的医疗保健和健康产生了压倒性的负面影响。本文重点关注英国脱欧对健康和医疗保健的“脱欧外部性”（Brexternalities）。欧盟是一种特别强大的机构和法律安排，可用于管理卫生政策以及任何其他政策中的经济和政治外部性。同样，当一个国家离开欧盟时，离开的方式将导致相关外部性的管理更好或更差。因此，脱欧外部性涉及政策合法性和问责制的问题。脱欧对健康的影响在欧盟各国并不均等。在与英国卫生政策最密切相关的卫生政策要素（例如爱尔兰岛、西班牙某些地区和欧洲南部其他地区）背景下，这些影响更为明显。一些与健康相关的脱欧外部性，例如药物安全，将对整个欧盟人口产生影响。而一些与健康相关的脱欧外部性，例如传染病控制，将在全球范围内产生影响。
