Weiss D G
Institut für Zoologie, Technische Universität München, Garching, Federal Republic of Germany.
J Cell Sci Suppl. 1986;5:1-15. doi: 10.1242/jcs.1986.supplement_5.1.
Two steps led to our present-day view of the cytoskeleton as a highly dynamic structure that is actively involved in force generation for various kinds of cell motility and, as a result, is itself often actively moving. The first step was the introduction of video microscopy, especially of the Allen Video Enhanced Contrast-Differential Interference Contrast Microscopy (AVEC-DIC), which allows the visualization of cellular structures in the light microscope that are up to 10 times smaller than the limit of resolution. This enables one to see images of unfixed, unstained, native or purified microtubules and actin bundles, and their interaction with membrane-bound organelles. The second step was the discovery of a system exceptionally well-suited to study microtubule and organelle movements, namely, the extruded axoplasm of the squid giant axon. From this axon the cytoplasm can be extruded free from surrounding plasma membrane, and individual microtubules and organelles can be separated from the bulk axoplasm. The study of these native microtubules by AVEC-DIC microscopy yielded a great number of quite unexpected details of the dynamic behaviour of both the microtubules themselves and the motility associated with them.
两个步骤使我们形成了如今对细胞骨架的看法，即细胞骨架是一种高度动态的结构，积极参与各种细胞运动的力的产生，因此其自身也常常处于活跃运动状态。第一步是引入视频显微镜技术，尤其是艾伦视频增强对比度 - 微分干涉差显微镜（AVEC - DIC），它能在光学显微镜下观察到比分辨率极限小10倍的细胞结构。这使得人们能够看到未固定、未染色、天然或纯化的微管和肌动蛋白束的图像，以及它们与膜结合细胞器的相互作用。第二步是发现了一个特别适合研究微管和细胞器运动的系统，即鱿鱼巨大轴突的挤出轴质。从这个轴突中可以挤出不含周围质膜的细胞质，并且可以将单个微管和细胞器从大量轴质中分离出来。通过AVEC - DIC显微镜对这些天然微管进行研究，揭示了大量关于微管自身动态行为以及与之相关的运动的意想不到的细节。
