Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Human Immunology, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada.
Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
Front Immunol. 2020 Sep 30;11:580641. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.580641. eCollection 2020.
The ongoing outbreak of Coronavirus disease 2019 infection achieved pandemic status on March 11, 2020. As of September 8, 2020 it has caused over 890,000 mortalities world-wide. Coronaviral infections are enabled by potent immunoevasory mechanisms that target multiple aspects of innate immunity, with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) able to induce a cytokine storm, impair interferon responses, and suppress antigen presentation on both MHC class I and class II. Understanding the immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 and its immunoevasion approaches will improve our understanding of pathogenesis, virus clearance, and contribute toward vaccine and immunotherepeutic design and evaluation. This review discusses the known host innate immune response and immune evasion mechanisms driving SARS-CoV-2 infection and pathophysiology.
2019 年冠状病毒病疫情于 2020 年 3 月 11 日达到大流行状态。截至 2020 年 9 月 8 日，它已在全球范围内造成超过 89 万人死亡。冠状病毒感染是通过强大的免疫逃逸机制实现的，这些机制针对先天免疫的多个方面，严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒 2（SARS-CoV-2）能够诱导细胞因子风暴，损害干扰素反应，并抑制 MHC 类 I 和 II 类抗原呈递。了解 SARS-CoV-2 的免疫反应及其免疫逃逸方法将有助于我们了解发病机制、病毒清除，并有助于疫苗和免疫治疗的设计和评估。本综述讨论了已知的宿主先天免疫反应和免疫逃逸机制，这些机制驱动 SARS-CoV-2 感染和病理生理学。
