Rohith M, Angadi M M
Department of Community Medicine, Yenepoya Medical College, Mangalore, Karnataka, India.
Department of Community Medicine, Shridevi Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Hospital, Tumakuru, Karnataka, India.
J Family Med Prim Care. 2020 Jul 30;9(7):3272-3276. doi: 10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_371_20. eCollection 2020 Jul.
NHM has created a cadre of trained female community health activists called Accredited Social Health Activists (ASHAs) to mobilize the community toward increased utilization of existing health services. ASHAs play an important role in the rollout of government health programs such as the Janani Suraksha Yojana (JSY), a conditional cash transfer scheme to incentivize women to give birth in a health facility. The ASHAs work closely with other frontline workers like Auxiliary Nurse Midwives (ANMs) and Anganawadi Workers (AWWs) to conduct community-level activities.
A cross-sectional study was conducted in 11 months. A pre-designed, semi- structured questionnaire was prepared in accordance with the study objectives. The questionnaire was prepared in English and the interview was conducted in Kannada language by explaining them questions one by one. Data collection was done by interview technique.
Out of 617 ASHAs interviewed, 580 (94%) ASHAs had proper knowledge about exclusive breast feeding and the duration, 560 (90.7%) told colostrum was necessary to the baby. Only 323 (52.3%) ASHAs had correct knowledge regarding schedule of immunization. 580 (94%) ASHAs could tell when the weaning should be started correctly and 611 (99%) ASHAs knew about ORS packets and the steps that went in preparing it.
Generally, knowledge of ASHAs about care of new-born and child health care was considerably good. However, knowledge of ASHAs about the immunization schedule was found to be inadequate.
国家健康使命（NHM）打造了一批经过培训的女性社区健康活动家，称为“认证社会健康活动家”（ASHAs），以动员社区提高对现有卫生服务的利用率。ASHAs在政府卫生项目的推广中发挥着重要作用，比如“贾纳尼·苏拉卡莎·尤佳娜”（JSY），这是一项有条件现金转移计划，旨在激励妇女在医疗机构分娩。ASHAs与其他一线工作人员，如辅助护士助产士（ANMs）和安格班瓦迪工作人员（AWWs）密切合作，开展社区层面的活动。
在11个月内进行了一项横断面研究。根据研究目标编制了一份预先设计的半结构化问卷。问卷用英文编制，访谈用卡纳达语进行，通过逐一解释问题来进行。数据收集采用访谈技术。
在接受访谈的617名ASHAs中，580名（94%）对纯母乳喂养及其持续时间有正确认识，560名（90.7%）表示初乳对婴儿是必需的。只有323名（52.3%）ASHAs对免疫接种时间表有正确认识。580名（94%）ASHAs能够正确说出何时应开始断奶，611名（99%）ASHAs了解口服补液盐包及其配制步骤。
总体而言，ASHAs对新生儿护理和儿童保健的知识掌握得相当不错。然而，发现ASHAs对免疫接种时间表的知识不足。
