Zhonghua Shao Shang Za Zhi. 2020 Oct 20;36(10):895-900. doi: 10.3760/cma.j.cn501120-20200308-00134.
Natural dermal matrix has good biocompatibility and can serve as " biological template" in wound repair. According to the source of material, natural dermal matrix can be divided into acellular dermal matrix (ADM), denatured dermal matrix, and scar dermal matrix. ADM is a biological material prepared by removing cellular components from the skin and retaining extracellular matrix (ECM) of the dermis. ADM possesses abundant natural biological information, low immunogenicity, and excellent regenerative capacity, which has greatly promoted the development of wound healing specialty as dermal substitute. Denatured dermis matrix is a layer of dermal tissue made by superficial tangential excision or dermabrasion on deeply burned wounds. The retained denatured dermis can recover gradually after transplantation of autologous skin on its surface, with similar structure, morphology, and biomechanics to healthy dermis. Scar dermal matrix is a kind of dermal scaffold made of autologous split-thickness scar tissue, possessing the characteristics of high survival rate, good texture, and slight scar reaction. Scar dermal matrix can effectively reduce secondary damage to the donor site when repairing scar contracture deformity. Based on the research progress at home and abroad and the opinions of domestic experts, this paper summarizes the indications, application methods, contraindications, and considerations of different types of natural dermal matrix in application of wound repair.
天然真皮基质具有良好的生物相容性，可作为伤口修复中的“生物模板”。根据材料来源，天然真皮基质可分为脱细胞真皮基质（ADM）、变性真皮基质和瘢痕真皮基质。ADM是一种通过去除皮肤细胞成分并保留真皮细胞外基质（ECM）制备的生物材料。ADM具有丰富的天然生物学信息、低免疫原性和优异的再生能力，作为真皮替代物极大地推动了伤口愈合专业的发展。变性真皮基质是通过对深度烧伤创面进行浅层削痂或磨痂制成的一层真皮组织。保留的变性真皮在其表面移植自体皮肤后可逐渐恢复，其结构、形态和生物力学与健康真皮相似。瘢痕真皮基质是一种由自体中厚瘢痕组织制成的真皮支架，具有成活率高、质地好、瘢痕反应轻的特点。瘢痕真皮基质在修复瘢痕挛缩畸形时可有效减少供区的二次损伤。基于国内外的研究进展及国内专家的意见，本文总结了不同类型天然真皮基质在伤口修复应用中的适应证、应用方法、禁忌证及注意事项。
