Lőrincz Dávid, Kálmán Mihály
University of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Budapest, Hungary.
The University of Newcastle, School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, Newcastle, NSW, Australia.
Histol Histopathol. 2020 Dec;35(12):1455-1471. doi: 10.14670/HH-18-273. Epub 2020 Oct 27.
The present study proves that rapid and demarcating astroglial reactions are confined to birds and mammals. To understand the function of post-lesion astroglial reaction, the phylogenetical aspects are also to be investigated. Considering the regenerative capabilities, reptiles represent an intermediate position between the brain regeneration-permissive fishes and amphibians and the almost non-permissive birds and mammals. Damage is followed by a rapid astroglial reaction in the mammalian and avian brain, which is held as an impediment of regeneration. In other vertebrates the reactions were usually observed following long survival periods together with signs of regeneration, therefore they can be regarded as concomitant phenomena of regeneration. The present study applies short post-lesion periods comparable to those seen in mammals and birds for astroglial reactions. Two species of lizards were used: gecko (leopard gecko, Eublepharis macularius, Blyth, 1854) and agama (bearded dragon, Pogona vitticeps, Ahl, 1926). The gecko brain is rich in GFAP whereas the agama brain is quite poor in this. Crocodilia, the closest extant relatives of birds were represented in this study by Cuvier's dwarf caiman (Paleosuchus palpebrosus, Cuvier, 1807). The post-lesion astroglial reactions of crocodilians have never been investigated. The injuries were stab wounds in the telencephalon. The survival periods lasted 3, 7, 10 or 14 days. Immunoperoxidase reactions were performed applying anti-GFAP, anti-vimentin and anti-nestin reagents. No rapid and demarcating astroglial reaction resembling that of mammalian or avian brains was found. Alterations of the perivascular immunoreactivities of laminin and β-dystroglycan as indicators of glio-vascular decoupling proved that the lesions were effective on astroglia. The capability of rapid and demarcating astroglial reaction seems to be confined to mammals and birds and to appear by separate, parallel evolution in them.
本研究证明，快速且有界限的星形胶质细胞反应仅限于鸟类和哺乳动物。为了解损伤后星形胶质细胞反应的功能，还需研究其系统发育方面。考虑到再生能力，爬行动物在脑再生能力较强的鱼类和两栖动物与几乎无再生能力的鸟类和哺乳动物之间处于中间位置。哺乳动物和鸟类的脑损伤后会迅速出现星形胶质细胞反应，这被认为是再生的障碍。在其他脊椎动物中，通常在较长存活期后观察到这些反应以及再生迹象，因此它们可被视为再生的伴随现象。本研究采用了与哺乳动物和鸟类损伤后相似的短观察期来研究星形胶质细胞反应。使用了两种蜥蜴：壁虎（豹纹守宫，Eublepharis macularius，布莱思，1854年）和鬃狮蜥（鬃狮蜥，Pogona vitticeps，阿尔，1926年）。壁虎脑中富含胶质纤维酸性蛋白（GFAP），而鬃狮蜥脑中该蛋白含量相当低。在本研究中，以居维叶侏儒凯门鳄（Paleosuchus palpebrosus，居维叶，1807年）作为与鸟类亲缘关系最近的现存鳄目动物代表。此前从未对鳄目动物损伤后的星形胶质细胞反应进行过研究。损伤为端脑的刺伤。存活期为3天、7天、10天或14天。使用抗GFAP、抗波形蛋白和抗巢蛋白试剂进行免疫过氧化物酶反应。未发现类似于哺乳动物或鸟类脑的快速且有界限的星形胶质细胞反应。层粘连蛋白和β - 肌营养不良聚糖的血管周围免疫反应性改变作为神经胶质 - 血管解耦的指标，证明损伤对星形胶质细胞有影响。快速且有界限的星形胶质细胞反应能力似乎仅限于哺乳动物和鸟类，并且在它们中通过独立、平行的进化出现。
