Massimino William, Davail Stéphane, Secula Aurélie, Andrieux Charlotte, Bernadet Marie-Dominique, Pioche Tracy, Ricaud Karine, Gontier Karine, Morisson Mireille, Collin Anne, Panserat Stéphane, Houssier Marianne
Univ Pau & Pays Adour, INRAE, E2S UPPA, UMR 1419, Nutrition, Métabolisme, Aquaculture, F-64310, Saint Pée sur Nivelle, France.
IHAP, Université de Toulouse, ENVT, INRAE, UMR 1225, 31076, Toulouse, France.
BMC Genomics. 2020 Oct 27;21(1):742. doi: 10.1186/s12864-020-07093-w.
The production of foie gras involves different metabolic pathways in the liver of overfed ducks such as lipid synthesis and carbohydrates catabolism, but the establishment of these pathways has not yet been described with precision during embryogenesis. The early environment can have short- and long-term impacts on the physiology of many animal species and can be used to influence physiological responses that is called programming. This study proposes to describe the basal hepatic metabolism at the level of mRNA in mule duck embryos in order to reveal potential interesting programming windows in the context of foie gras production. To this end, a kinetic study was designed to determine the level of expression of selected genes involved in steatosis-related liver functions throughout embryogenesis. The livers of 20 mule duck embryos were collected every 4 days from the 12th day of embryogenesis (E12) until 4 days after hatching (D4), and gene expression analysis was performed. The expression levels of 50 mRNAs were quantified for these 7 sampling points and classified into 4 major cellular pathways.
Interestingly, most mRNAs involved in lipid metabolism are overexpressed after hatching (FASN, SCD1, ACOX1), whereas genes implicated in carbohydrate metabolism (HK1, GAPDH, GLUT1) and development (HGF, IGF, FGFR2) are predominantly overexpressed from E12 to E20. Finally, regarding cellular stress, gene expression appears quite stable throughout development, contrasting with strong expression after hatching (CYP2E1, HSBP1, HSP90AA1).
For the first time we described the kinetics of hepatic ontogenesis at mRNA level in mule ducks and highlighted different expression patterns depending on the cellular pathway. These results could be particularly useful in the design of embryonic programming for the production of foie gras.
肥肝的生产涉及填饲鸭肝脏中不同的代谢途径，如脂质合成和碳水化合物分解代谢，但这些途径在胚胎发育过程中的建立尚未得到精确描述。早期环境可对许多动物物种的生理产生短期和长期影响，并可用于影响被称为编程的生理反应。本研究旨在描述骡鸭胚胎mRNA水平的基础肝脏代谢，以揭示肥肝生产背景下潜在的有趣编程窗口。为此，设计了一项动力学研究，以确定整个胚胎发育过程中参与脂肪变性相关肝功能的选定基因的表达水平。从胚胎发育第12天（E12）到孵化后4天（D4），每4天收集20只骡鸭胚胎的肝脏，并进行基因表达分析。对这7个采样点的50种mRNA的表达水平进行定量，并分为4条主要细胞途径。
有趣的是，大多数参与脂质代谢的mRNA在孵化后过度表达（FASN、SCD1、ACOX1），而参与碳水化合物代谢（HK1、GAPDH、GLUT1）和发育（HGF、IGF、FGFR2）的基因在E12至E20期间主要过度表达。最后，关于细胞应激，基因表达在整个发育过程中显得相当稳定，与孵化后（CYP2E1、HSBP1、HSP90AA1）的强烈表达形成对比。
我们首次描述了骡鸭肝脏在mRNA水平上的个体发生动力学，并强调了取决于细胞途径的不同表达模式。这些结果对于肥肝生产的胚胎编程设计可能特别有用。
