Kaisan Muhammad Usman, Yusuf Latifat Ovaiyoza, Ibrahim Ibrahim Umar, Abubakar Shitu, Narayan Sunny
Faculty of Engineering, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Kaduna 810107, Nigeria.
Faculty of Engineering, Qassim University, Buraidah 52571, Saudi Arabia.
ACS Omega. 2020 Oct 6;5(41):26454-26462. doi: 10.1021/acsomega.0c02953. eCollection 2020 Oct 20.
In this research, the performance and emissions of a four-stroke spark ignition engine fuelled with varying proportion of propanol-camphor and gasoline blends were investigated. The physicochemical properties such as specific gravity, viscosity, fire point, flash point, and iodine value (I.V.) of the blends were determined, and the values obtained conform to the ASTM standard. Sample P0B (100% of pure gasoline and 5 g of camphor) had the best physicochemical property values higher than those of the least sample of P15B by the following percentages: specific gravity (0.5%), viscosity (30.8%), fire point (5.08%), flash point (21.8%), and I.V. sample (0.5%). Also, the engine performance parameters such as brake power, brake thermal efficiency, brake mean effective pressure (BMEP), and specific fuel consumption were generated from the engine-measured parameters. Sample P0B has the best specific fuel consumption for the torque of 3 N m with a value of 22.77 kg/kW h, and sample P0A (100% of pure gasoline) has the best fuel consumption for a torque of 6 N m with a value of 12.52 kg/kW h. For brake thermal efficiency, sample P0B gives the best brake thermal efficiency at the two constant torques with a value of 0.36 for torque 3 N m and 0.67 for torque 6 N m. Sample P15C (85% of gasoline, 15% of propanol, and 5 g of camphor) gives the best BMEP at torque 3 N m with a value of 1.92 bar, and sample P5C (95% of gasoline, 5% of propanol, and 10 g of camphor) gives the best BMEP at 6 N m with a value of 3.85 bar. Exhaust emissions were analyzed for unburned hydrocarbon (HC), carbon monoxide (CO), carbon dioxide (CO), and nitrogen oxide (NOx). The results showed that increasing the blending percentage reduces the emitted concentration of CO, HC, and NOx. Carbon monoxide emission was found to be lowest at sample P10A (90% of gasoline and 10% of propanol) for torque 3 N m with a value of 0.16, and at torque 6 N m, the sample with the lowest percentage was P15C with a percentage of 0.21.
在本研究中，对一台以不同比例的丙醇 - 樟脑与汽油混合燃料运行的四冲程火花点火发动机的性能和排放进行了研究。测定了混合燃料的物理化学性质，如比重、粘度、着火点、闪点和碘值（I.V.），所获得的值符合美国材料与试验协会（ASTM）标准。样品P0B（100%纯汽油和5克樟脑）具有最佳的物理化学性质值，比P15B的最低样品在以下百分比方面更高：比重（0.5%）、粘度（30.8%）、着火点（5.08%）、闪点（21.8%）和碘值样品（0.5%）。此外，发动机性能参数，如制动功率、制动热效率、制动平均有效压力（BMEP）和比油耗，是根据发动机测量参数得出的。对于3 N·m的扭矩，样品P0B的比油耗最佳，值为22.77 kg/kW·h；对于6 N·m的扭矩，样品P0A（100%纯汽油）的油耗最佳，值为12.52 kg/kW·h。对于制动热效率，样品P0B在两个恒定扭矩下具有最佳的制动热效率，3 N·m扭矩时的值为0.36，6 N·m扭矩时的值为0.67。样品P15C（85%汽油、15%丙醇和5克樟脑）在3 N·m扭矩下的BMEP最佳，值为1.92 bar；样品P5C（95%汽油、5%丙醇和10克樟脑）在6 N·m扭矩下的BMEP最佳，值为3.85 bar。对未燃烧的碳氢化合物（HC）、一氧化碳（CO）、二氧化碳（CO）和氮氧化物（NOx）的尾气排放进行了分析。结果表明，增加混合比例会降低CO、HC和NOx的排放浓度。发现对于3 N·m的扭矩，一氧化碳排放最低的是样品P10A（90%汽油和10%丙醇），值为0.16；对于6 N·m的扭矩，百分比最低的样品是P15C，百分比为0.21。
