Laboratory of Plant Breeding & Genetics, Department of Agricultural and Environmental Biology, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan.
Plant J. 2021 Jan;105(2):431-445. doi: 10.1111/tpj.15036. Epub 2020 Dec 2.
Molecular genetic studies using Arabidopsis thaliana as a model system have overwhelmingly revealed many important molecular mechanisms underlying the control of various biological events, including floral induction in plants. The major genetic pathways of flowering have been characterized in-depth, and include the photoperiod, vernalization, autonomous and gibberellin pathways. In recent years, novel flowering pathways are increasingly being identified. These include age, thermosensory, sugar, stress and hormonal signals to control floral transition. Among them, hormonal control of flowering except the gibberellin pathway is not formally considered a major flowering pathway per se, due to relatively weak and often pleiotropic genetic effects, complex phenotypic variations, including some controversial ones. However, a number of recent studies have suggested that various stress signals may be mediated by hormonal regulation of flowering. In view of molecular diversity in plant kingdoms, this review begins with an assessment of photoperiodic flowering, not in A. thaliana, but in rice (Oryza sativa); rice is a staple crop for human consumption worldwide, and is a model system of short-day plants, cereals and breeding crops. The rice flowering pathway is then compared with that of A. thaliana. This review then aims to update our knowledge on hormonal control of flowering, and integrate it into the entire flowering gene network.
利用拟南芥作为模型系统的分子遗传研究已经揭示了许多控制各种生物学事件的重要分子机制，包括植物的花诱导。开花的主要遗传途径已经被深入研究，包括光周期、春化、自主和赤霉素途径。近年来，新的开花途径越来越多。这些途径包括年龄、热感觉、糖、应激和激素信号来控制花的转变。其中，除赤霉素途径外，激素对开花的控制本身并不被正式认为是主要的开花途径，因为其遗传效应相对较弱，往往是多效性的，表型变化复杂，包括一些有争议的变化。然而，一些最近的研究表明，各种应激信号可能通过开花的激素调节来介导。鉴于植物王国的分子多样性，本综述首先评估了光周期开花，而不是在拟南芥中，而是在水稻（Oryza sativa）中；水稻是全球人类食用的主要粮食作物，也是短日照植物、谷物和育种种质的模式系统。然后将水稻的开花途径与拟南芥的进行比较。本综述旨在更新我们对开花的激素控制的认识，并将其整合到整个开花基因网络中。
