Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Ghazi University, Dera Ghazi Khan, Pakistan.
Pakki Thatti Research & Development Farm, Toba Tek Singh, Pakistan.
PLoS One. 2020 Oct 28;15(10):e0240944. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0240944. eCollection 2020.
Wheat (Triticum aestivum L) is among the most important cereal crops widely cultivated in the world. Wild oat (Avena fatua L.) competes with wheat for moisture, sunlight, space and nutrition. The successful management of weeds requires sound knowledge of their biology and response to different herbicides. This study inferred the impact of different constant temperature regimes and seed burial depths on seedling emergence and biomass production of wild oat. Moreover, the impact of different post-emergence herbicides applied at different growth stages on biomass production of wild oat was tested. The influence of different wild oat-wheat density (WWD) combinations on biomass production of wheat and wild oat was also inferred. Different constant temperature regimes significantly altered seed germination and biomass production of wild oat. The highest seed germination percentage and biomass production were noted under 15°C and 20°C, whereas the lowest values were recorded under 30°C. Similarly, days to start emergence, seedling emergence percentage and biomass production of wild oat was significantly affected by different seed burial depths. The lowest and the highest values of these parameters were observed under 4 and 10 cm depth, respectively. Different post-emergence herbicides and wild oat growth stages significantly altered biomass production. The highest reduction in fresh and dry biomass was recorded with herbicides' application at 2-4 leaf stage compared with anthesis stage. Clodinofop resulted in higher reduction of fresh biomass, whereas higher reduction in dry biomass was noted with Sulfosulfuron. Seed germination of both species was not affected by different WWD combinations, except for the treatment where no seed was sown of both species. These results indicate that deep burial of seeds could prevent seedling emergence, whereas post-emergence herbicides must be applied at 2-4 leaf stage of wild oat for its effective management.
小麦（Triticum aestivum L）是世界上广泛种植的最重要的谷类作物之一。野燕麦（Avena fatua L.）与小麦争夺水分、阳光、空间和营养。杂草的成功管理需要对其生物学特性和对不同除草剂的反应有深入的了解。本研究推断了不同恒温制度和种子埋藏深度对野燕麦幼苗出苗和生物量生产的影响。此外，还测试了不同生长阶段施用于野燕麦的不同苗后除草剂对其生物量生产的影响。还推断了不同野燕麦-小麦密度（WWD）组合对小麦和野燕麦生物量生产的影响。不同的恒温制度显著改变了野燕麦的种子萌发和生物量生产。在 15°C 和 20°C 下，种子萌发率和生物量最高，而在 30°C 下，种子萌发率和生物量最低。同样，不同种子埋藏深度显著影响野燕麦的出苗天数、出苗率和生物量。这些参数的最低值和最高值分别出现在 4 厘米和 10 厘米的深度。不同的苗后除草剂和野燕麦生长阶段显著改变了生物量生产。与开花期相比，在 2-4 叶期施药时，新鲜和干生物量的减少量最高。氯吡氧乙酸导致新鲜生物量的减少量更高，而啶嘧磺隆导致干生物量的减少量更高。不同 WWD 组合对两种物种的种子萌发没有影响，但两种物种都不播种的处理除外。这些结果表明，种子的深埋藏可以防止幼苗出苗，而苗后除草剂必须在野燕麦的 2-4 叶期施用以有效管理它。
