Cornejo-Pareja Isabel, Ruiz-Limón Patricia, Gómez-Pérez Ana M, Molina-Vega María, Moreno-Indias Isabel, Tinahones Francisco J
Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Endocrinología y Nutrición, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Hospital Clínico Virgen de la Victoria, 29010 Málaga, Spain.
CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain.
J Pers Med. 2020 Oct 26;10(4):192. doi: 10.3390/jpm10040192.
The interaction between genetic susceptibility, epigenetic, endogenous, and environmental factors play a key role in the initiation and progression of autoimmune thyroid diseases (AITDs). Studies have shown that gut microbiota alterations take part in the development of autoimmune diseases. We have investigated the possible relationship between gut microbiota composition and the most frequent AITDs. A total of nine Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT), nine Graves-Basedow's disease (GD), and 11 otherwise healthy donors (HDs) were evaluated. 16S rRNA pyrosequencing and bioinformatics analysis by Quantitative Insights into Microbial Ecology and Phylogenetic Investigation of Communities by Reconstruction of Unobserved States (PICRUSt) were used to analyze the gut microbiota. Beta diversity analysis showed that gut microbiota from our groups was different. We observed an increase in bacterial richness in HT and a lower evenness in GD in comparison to the HDs. GD showed a significant increase of , and compared to HDs and the core microbiome features showed that and characterized this group. was increased in HT and was part of their core microbiome. , and were greater in HT compared to GD. Core microbiome features of HT were represented by , , , and . decreased in both AITDs compared to HDs. PICRUSt analysis demonstrated enrichment in the xenobiotics degradation, metabolism, and the metabolism of cofactors and vitamins in GD patients compared to HDs. Moreover, correlation studies showed that some bacteria were widely correlated with autoimmunity parameters. A prediction model evaluated a possible relationship between predominant concrete bacteria such as an unclassified genus of , and in AITDs. AITD patients present altered gut microbiota compared to HDs. These alterations could be related to the immune system development in AITD patients and the loss of tolerance to self-antigens.
遗传易感性、表观遗传学、内源性和环境因素之间的相互作用在自身免疫性甲状腺疾病（AITD）的发生和发展中起关键作用。研究表明，肠道微生物群的改变参与了自身免疫性疾病的发展。我们研究了肠道微生物群组成与最常见的AITD之间的可能关系。共评估了9例桥本甲状腺炎（HT）患者、9例格雷夫斯-巴塞多氏病（GD）患者和11名健康对照者（HD）。采用16S rRNA焦磷酸测序以及通过微生物生态学定量洞察和未观察状态重建群落系统发育研究（PICRUSt）进行生物信息学分析，以分析肠道微生物群。β多样性分析表明，我们研究组的肠道微生物群存在差异。与HD相比，我们观察到HT患者的细菌丰富度增加，而GD患者的均匀度较低。与HD相比，GD患者的 、 和 显著增加，核心微生物群特征表明 和 是该组的特征。 在HT中增加，并且是其核心微生物群的一部分。与GD相比，HT中的 、 和 更高。HT的核心微生物群特征由 、 、 、 和 代表。与HD相比，两种AITD中的 均降低。PICRUSt分析表明，与HD相比，GD患者的异生素降解、代谢以及辅因子和维生素代谢富集。此外，相关性研究表明，一些细菌与自身免疫参数广泛相关。一个预测模型评估了AITD中主要的具体细菌如未分类的 属、 和 之间的可能关系。与HD相比，AITD患者的肠道微生物群发生了改变。这些改变可能与AITD患者的免疫系统发育以及对自身抗原耐受性的丧失有关。
