National Institute of Public Health - National Institute of Hygiene, Department of Nutrition and Nutritional Value of Food.
Przegl Epidemiol. 2020;74(2):362-369. doi: 10.32394/pe.74.29.
Folic acid deficiency in very early pregnancy significantly increases the risk for neural tube defects in the developing fetus. Due to very high demands for folic acid in pregnancy, adequate supply is not possible without dietary supplements.
Evaluation of the frequency and adequacy of folic acid supplementation before and during pregnancy among women from the Warsaw region of Poland.
The study was conducted among 100 pregnant women using direct interviewing. Chi-square test was used to analyze the relationship between selected parameters and folic acid supplementation.
Folic acid before pregnancy was supplemented by 42% of the respondents. In pregnancy, the number almost doubled (83%), but most women did not start the supplementation until 5-6 weeks of gestation. Before pregnancy, almost all subjects used single folic acid preparations, whereas during pregnancy they used vitaminmineral preparations for expectant women.
The realization of the Primary Prevention Program of Neural Tube Defects leaves much to be desired. Over half of the women do not supplement folic acid before conception, and the supply in pregnancy is initiated too late to meet the assumptions of the prevention program.
妊娠早期叶酸缺乏会显著增加胎儿神经管缺陷的风险。由于妊娠期间对叶酸的需求量非常高，如果不通过膳食补充剂，就无法满足足够的供应。
评估波兰华沙地区妇女在妊娠前和妊娠期间补充叶酸的频率和充足性。
本研究采用直接访谈的方式对 100 名孕妇进行了研究。采用卡方检验分析了所选参数与叶酸补充之间的关系。
42%的受访者在妊娠前补充了叶酸。在妊娠期间，这个数字几乎翻了一番（83%），但大多数女性直到妊娠 5-6 周才开始补充。妊娠前，几乎所有的受试者都使用单一的叶酸制剂，而在妊娠期间，他们使用孕妇用的维生素矿物质制剂。
神经管缺陷初级预防计划的实施还有很大的改进空间。超过一半的女性在怀孕前不补充叶酸，而且在妊娠期间补充叶酸的时间太晚，无法满足预防计划的假设。
