Revisiting the management of Manske Type 3B and 4 thumb hypoplasia.

The traditional management of Manske 3B and 4 thumbs is index finger pollicization. Recently, the transfer of composite tissues from the foot to reconstruct the thumb or the carpometacarpal joint has allowed the preservation of a five-digit hand. Concerns remained about the donor site and also the limited functional and cosmetic outcomes that could be achieved. This article challenges the existing dogma in the management of hypoplastic thumbs, that pollicization should always be the reference standard. We describe the evolution of techniques with free vascularized metatarsal transfer, our refinements and our proposal for a new classification system that accommodates these modifications. With increased experience, acceptable outcomes that are comparable with pollicization can be achieved.