D'Addio Gianni, Dionisi Leonardo, Pagano Gaetano, Mercogliano Luca, Cesarelli Mario, Cesarelli Giuseppe
ICS Maugeri SPA SB.
Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, University of Naples 'Federico II', Naples, Italy.
G Ital Med Lav Ergon. 2020 Sep;42(3):201-207.
Studies and reviews show that the vast majority of students around the world use heavy and uncomfortable backpacks, which could negatively affect their musculoskeletal development or at least generate a non-physiological functional overload. In this regard, non-invasive analyses were carried out on a sample of 150 healthy students aged between 14 and 15 years using a wearable inertial device for gait analysis: G-Walk System by BTS Bioengineering. Each student performed a gait analysis session consisting in a walk of 15 meters along a straight path in two different conditions: free walk and walk with backpack. A backpack with a sturdy backrest, wide and padded straps and abdominal belt with buckle was chosen. The weight inside the backpack was fixed at 9.3 kg in accordance with scientific studies conducted by Stefano Negrini of ISICO (Istituto Scientifico Italiano Colonna Vertebrale). Aim of this work is to understand, through an accurate analysis both instrumental and statistical, if we can talk about differential influence of musculoskeletal type generated by a school backpack full load compared to no backpack, trying to find out if and how much this affects walking both in terms of space-time parameters and detachment from normality values, and in terms of kinematic parameters such as pelvic rotations angles. Results showed a statistically significant difference between the space-time parameters computed in the two different study conditions, moreover a qualitative and quantitative difference was found for kinematic parameters too, which could imply potential musculoskeletal disorders associated with prolonged and long-lasting use of heavy and uncomfortable backpacks. This study has the ambition to raise awareness of this issue in order to extend legislative limits to the "working" environment of children, that is the school, as it is done for working environments adults (D. lgs 81/08 related to manual maintenance of loads).
研究与综述表明，全球绝大多数学生使用沉重且不舒服的背包，这可能会对他们的肌肉骨骼发育产生负面影响，或者至少会造成非生理性的功能过载。在这方面，使用BTS生物工程公司的可穿戴惯性步态分析设备G-Walk系统，对150名年龄在14至15岁的健康学生样本进行了非侵入性分析。每位学生在两种不同条件下沿着直线路径行走15米进行步态分析：自由行走和背着背包行走。选择了一款带有坚固靠背、宽且有衬垫肩带以及带扣腹带的背包。根据意大利脊椎科学研究所（ISICO）的斯特凡诺·内格里尼进行的科学研究，背包内的重量固定为9.3千克。这项工作的目的是通过精确的仪器分析和统计分析，了解满载的书包与不背书包相比，是否会对肌肉骨骼类型产生不同影响，试图找出这在时空参数和与正常值的偏差方面，以及在诸如骨盆旋转角度等运动学参数方面，对行走有多大影响以及如何影响。结果显示，在两种不同研究条件下计算出的时空参数存在统计学上的显著差异，此外，运动学参数也存在定性和定量差异，这可能意味着与长期使用沉重且不舒服的背包相关的潜在肌肉骨骼疾病。本研究旨在提高对这一问题的认识，以便将立法限制扩展到儿童的“工作”环境，即学校，就像对成人工作环境所做的那样（与手动负载维护相关的第81/08号法律）。
