UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Environment Centre Wales, Deiniol Road, Bangor, Gwynedd, LL57 2UW, UK.
UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Environment Centre Wales, Deiniol Road, Bangor, Gwynedd, LL57 2UW, UK.
Environ Pollut. 2021 Jan 1;268(Pt A):115789. doi: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.115789. Epub 2020 Oct 7.
Tropospheric (ground-level) ozone is a harmful phytotoxic pollutant, and can have a negative impact on crop yield and quality in sensitive species. Ozone can also induce visible symptoms on leaves, appearing as tiny spots (stipples) between the veins on the upper leaf surface. There is little measured data on ozone concentrations in Africa and it can be labour-intensive and expensive to determine the direct impact of ozone on crop yield in the field. The identification of visible ozone symptoms is an easier, low cost method of determining if a crop species is being negatively affected by ozone pollution, potentially resulting in yield loss. In this study, thirteen staple African food crops (including wheat (Triticum aestivum), common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris), sorghum (Sorghum bicolor), pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum) and finger millet (Eleusine coracana)) were exposed to an episodic ozone regime in a solardome system to monitor visible ozone symptoms. A more detailed examination of the progression of ozone symptoms with time was carried out for cultivars of P. vulgaris and T. aestivum, which showed early leaf loss (P. vulgaris) and an increased rate of senescence (T. aestivum) in response to ozone exposure. All of the crops tested showed visible ozone symptoms on their leaves in at least one cultivar, and ozone sensitivity varied between cultivars of the same crop. A guide to assist with identification of visible ozone symptoms (including photographs and a description of symptoms for each species) is presented.
对流层（地面）臭氧是一种有害的植物毒性污染物，可能对敏感物种的作物产量和质量产生负面影响。臭氧还会在叶片上引起可见症状，在上叶面叶脉之间出现微小斑点（麻点）。非洲的臭氧浓度测量数据很少，在田间确定臭氧对作物产量的直接影响可能既劳动密集又昂贵。识别可见臭氧症状是一种更简单、低成本的方法，可以确定作物是否受到臭氧污染的负面影响，从而可能导致产量损失。在这项研究中，十三种非洲主要粮食作物（包括小麦（Triticum aestivum）、普通菜豆（Phaseolus vulgaris）、高粱（Sorghum bicolor）、珍珠粟（Pennisetum glaucum）和珍珠粟（Eleusine coracana））在太阳能穹顶系统中暴露于间歇性臭氧环境中，以监测可见臭氧症状。对普通菜豆和小麦的品种进行了更详细的时间臭氧症状进展检查，这些品种对臭氧暴露表现出早期叶片损失（普通菜豆）和衰老速度加快（小麦）。所有测试的作物在至少一个品种的叶片上都出现了可见的臭氧症状，并且同一作物的品种之间的臭氧敏感性也有所不同。本文提供了一份可见臭氧症状识别指南（包括每种物种的照片和症状描述）。
