Bove J M, Fos A, Lallemand J
Laboratoire de Biologie Cellulaire et Moléculaire, Institut Nationale de la Recherche Agronomique, Pont de la Maye, France.
Isr J Med Sci. 1987 Jun;23(6):663-6.
Epidemics of citrus stubborn disease (CSD) have been known in the Mediterranean citrus-growing areas as early as 1928. One such outbreak of stubborn disease occurred around 1980 in newly established citrus nurseries on the Syrian coast. Natural transmission of Spiroplasma citri could be shown to be involved. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and culture of S. citri were used to detect the presence of S. citri in leafhoppers. Over 50 leafhopper species were submitted to these analyses, not only in Syria but also in Morocco and France (Corsica) from 1978 to 1985. Neoaliturus (Circulifer) haematoceps was the only species found to harbor the spiroplasma in Morocco, Syria and France (Corsica). Leafhoppers of this species were collected in Corsica, raised in Bordeaux and shown to be vectors of S. citri. The search for N. haematoceps in nature has revealed that Salsola kali (Chenopodiacae) is a favored host plant of this leafhopper. This plant has a wide geographical distribution. In Iran, for instance, it is well known, and grows close to sugar beet and citrus-growing areas. In such areas, sugar beet is known to be infected by curly top virus, and citrus by CSD. N. haematoceps is a vector of both of these diseases. N. tenellus, the vector of S. citri in the USA, is present in the Mediterranean area, but in view of its paucity it does not seem to be a major vector there. In Iran, even though less abundant than N. haematoceps, it could play a role in S. citri transmission.
早在1928年，地中海柑橘种植区就已出现柑橘僵化病（CSD）疫情。1980年左右，叙利亚沿海新建立的柑橘苗圃就爆发了一次僵化病疫情。事实证明，柑橘螺原体的自然传播与此有关。酶联免疫吸附测定（ELISA）和柑橘螺原体培养被用于检测叶蝉体内柑橘螺原体的存在。从1978年到1985年，不仅在叙利亚，而且在摩洛哥和法国（科西嘉岛），超过50种叶蝉被进行了这些分析。新突叶蝉（Circulifer）血头叶蝉是在摩洛哥、叙利亚和法国（科西嘉岛）发现的唯一携带螺原体的叶蝉物种。这种叶蝉在科西嘉岛被采集，在波尔多饲养，并被证明是柑橘螺原体的传播媒介。在自然界中对血头叶蝉的搜寻发现，猪毛菜（藜科）是这种叶蝉喜爱的寄主植物。这种植物分布广泛。例如，在伊朗，它很常见，生长在甜菜和柑橘种植区附近。在这些地区，已知甜菜感染曲顶病毒，柑橘感染柑橘僵化病。血头叶蝉是这两种病害的传播媒介。在美国，柑橘螺原体的传播媒介小叶蝉在地中海地区也有出现，但鉴于其数量稀少，它似乎不是那里的主要传播媒介。在伊朗，尽管小叶蝉的数量比血头叶蝉少，但它可能在柑橘螺原体的传播中发挥作用。
