Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10010, USA.
Product Safety Labs, Dayton, NJ 08810, USA.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020 Oct 28;17(21):7895. doi: 10.3390/ijerph17217895.
Maternal exposures during pregnancy affect the onset and progression of adult diseases in the offspring. A prior mouse study indicated that maternal tobacco smoke exposure affects hepatic fibrosis in adult offspring. Gutkha, a broadly used smokeless tobacco (ST) product, is widely used by pregnant woman in many countries. The objective of this murine study was to evaluate whether oral maternal exposure to gutkha during pregnancy alters non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in adult offspring: risk factors for the progression of NAFLD to cirrhosis in adults remain elusive. Buccal cavity 'painting' of pregnant mice with gutkha began on gestational days (GD) 2-4 and continued until parturition. Beginning at 12 weeks of age, a subset of offspring were transitioned to a high-fat diet (HFD). Results demonstrated that prenatal exposure to gutkha followed by an HFD in adulthood significantly increased the histologic evidence of fatty liver disease only in adult male offspring. Changes in hepatic fibrosis-related cytokines (interleukin (IL)-1b and IL-6) and in hepatic collagen mRNA expression were observed when comparing adult male offspring exposed to gutkha in utero to those not exposed. These findings indicate that maternal use of gutkha during pregnancy affects NAFLD in adult offspring in a sex-dependent manner.
母体在孕期的暴露会影响后代成年后疾病的发生和发展。先前的一项小鼠研究表明，母体吸烟会影响成年后代的肝纤维化。古特卡，一种广泛使用的无烟气烟草（ST）产品，在许多国家都被孕妇广泛使用。本项小鼠研究的目的是评估母体在孕期是否通过口腔摄入古特卡来改变成年后代的非酒精性脂肪性肝病（NAFLD）：NAFLD 向成年人肝硬化进展的风险因素仍然难以捉摸。从妊娠第 2-4 天开始，用古特卡对怀孕小鼠的口腔进行“涂抹”，并持续到分娩。从 12 周龄开始，一部分后代被过渡到高脂肪饮食（HFD）。结果表明，成年后先经产前暴露于古特卡，再经 HFD 处理，仅显著增加了成年雄性后代肝脂肪变性的组织学证据。与未暴露于古特卡的成年雄性后代相比，观察到与肝纤维化相关的细胞因子（白细胞介素（IL）-1b 和 IL-6）和肝胶原 mRNA 表达的变化。这些发现表明，母体在孕期使用古特卡会以性别依赖的方式影响成年后代的 NAFLD。
