Lopes Mariana S, Freitas Patrícia P, Carvalho Maria C R, Ferreira Nathália L, Campos Suellen F, Menezes Mariana C, Lopes Aline C S
Department of Nutrition, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Nurse School, Research Group on Nutrition Interventions, Alfredo Balena, Belo Horizonte, Brazil.
Pitágoras College, Research Group on Nutrition Interventions, Afonso Pena, Belo Horizonte, Brazil.
Fam Pract. 2021 Feb 4;38(1):4-10. doi: 10.1093/fampra/cmaa117.
Obesity is an increasingly prevalent chronic condition. Its multiple causes and the complexity of its treatment pose challenges for health professionals.
To explore and describe the challenges for obesity management in the Brazilian Unified Health System according to health professionals.
An exploratory quantitative web-based study, carried out in 2018 with health professionals, developed from the first stage of a national project that aims to examine the management of obesity in Brazil. The questionnaire was self-applied. Invitations to participate in the research were sent by the Ministry of Health, Health Department of Minas Gerais and members of the research group. We collected data on sex, age, professional category, region and level of care. The challenges were investigated using a Likert scale and categorized into structure and work process.
We evaluated 1323 professionals, of which about 45% were dietitians, 90.2% were women, and 83.1% self-reported working in primary health care. The main barriers cited included a high demand for curative and individual assistance, the presence of comorbidities, and the absence or insufficient access to instructional materials, professional qualification and lack of support.
Obesity management is a critical challenge for all professionals. Barriers were related to the work process and structural aspects and reinforce the need to empower health teams. We propose that permanent education activities should be established, as well as the development of instructional materials that are applicable to routine work. Finally, the results may be used to develop policies and strategies to improve obesity management.
肥胖是一种日益普遍的慢性疾病。其多种病因及治疗的复杂性给卫生专业人员带来了挑战。
根据卫生专业人员的情况，探讨并描述巴西统一卫生系统中肥胖管理面临的挑战。
2018年对卫生专业人员开展了一项基于网络的探索性定量研究，该研究源自一个旨在研究巴西肥胖管理情况的国家项目的第一阶段。问卷由被调查者自行填写。卫生部、米纳斯吉拉斯州卫生厅以及研究小组的成员发出了参与研究的邀请。我们收集了性别、年龄、专业类别、地区和护理级别等数据。使用李克特量表对挑战进行调查，并将其分为结构和工作流程两类。
我们评估了1323名专业人员，其中约45%为营养师，90.2%为女性，83.1%的人自称在初级卫生保健机构工作。提到的主要障碍包括对治疗和个人援助的高需求、存在合并症，以及缺乏或难以获取教学材料、专业资质不足和缺乏支持。
肥胖管理对所有专业人员来说都是一项严峻挑战。障碍与工作流程和结构方面有关，这强化了增强卫生团队能力的必要性。我们建议应开展持续教育活动，并开发适用于日常工作的教学材料。最后，研究结果可用于制定改善肥胖管理的政策和策略。
