Puiguriguer Ferrando J, Miralles Corrales S, Frontera Juan G, Campillo-Artero C, Barceló Martín B
Servicio de Urgencias y Unidad de Toxicología Clínica, Hospital Universitario son Espases, Palma de Mallorca, Palma de Mallorca, España.
Centro de salud Son Rutlàn, Gerencia Atención Primaria de Mallorca, Palma de Mallorca, España.
Rev Clin Esp. 2020 Oct 28. doi: 10.1016/j.rce.2020.08.002.
Poisonings continue to be an important public health problem. Herein, we analyzed the epidemiology of poisonings in elderly individuals.
Retrospective cohort study conducted between 2011 and 2019 in a university hospital. We analyzed demographic variables, type of poison involved, suicidal or accidental nature of the poisoning, and the probability of admission, or death to the hospital.
A total of 880 (6.1%) of the 14,300 poisonings treated in the same period occurred in people over 65 years of age. The most numerous group were individuals between 65-69 years-old (39%), followed by the group of 70-75 years-old (20%), being men 57%. In 88% of the cases a single poison participated, being by frequency alcohol (51.6%), drugs (29.5%), and household or industrial products (12.8%). Alcohol intoxication predominated in men up to 75 years of age, and above this age drug or suicidal intoxication predominated, mainly in women. A total of 145 (16%) subjects were hospitalized, the drugs most frequently implicated being digoxin and benzodiazepines. The probability of hospital admission was associated with intoxication by metformin, digoxin, lithium or with the age of the patient (OR per year = 1.03; 95% CI: 1.0-1.06). A total of 19 patients died (2.16%), mainly due to suicidal caustic ingestion (OR = 5.7: 95% CI: 1.4-23.6) or by drugs, directly related to metformin (OR = 10.1; 95% CI: 2.4-42.4).
The prevalence of poisoning in the elderly is not negligible, and physicians should have a high index of suspicion in a complex situation.
中毒仍然是一个重要的公共卫生问题。在此，我们分析了老年人群中毒的流行病学情况。
2011年至2019年在一家大学医院进行的回顾性队列研究。我们分析了人口统计学变量、所涉及的毒物类型、中毒的自杀或意外性质以及入院或死亡的概率。
同期治疗的14300例中毒病例中，共有880例（6.1%）发生在65岁以上人群。人数最多的群体是65 - 69岁的个体（39%），其次是70 - 75岁的群体（20%），男性占57%。88%的病例涉及单一毒物，按频率依次为酒精（51.6%）、药物（29.5%）以及家用或工业产品（12.8%）。75岁及以下男性中酒精中毒占主导，75岁以上则以药物或自杀性中毒为主，主要发生在女性。共有145例（16%）患者住院，最常涉及的药物是地高辛和苯二氮䓬类。入院概率与二甲双胍、地高辛、锂中毒或患者年龄相关（每年的比值比 = 1.03；95%置信区间：1.0 - 1.06）。共有19例患者死亡（2.16%），主要原因是自杀性腐蚀性物质摄入（比值比 = 5.7：95%置信区间：1.4 - 23.6）或药物中毒，与二甲双胍直接相关（比值比 = 10.1；95%置信区间：2.4 - 42.4）。
老年人中毒的患病率不可忽视，医生在复杂情况下应保持高度怀疑指数。
