Is contrast enhanced ultrasonography an accurate way to diagnose gallbladder adenoma? A systematic review and meta-analysis.

INTRODUCTION

Gallbladder adenoma (GA) is a precancerous neoplasm and needs surgical resection. It is difficult to differentiate adenoma from other gallbladder polyps using imaging examinations. The aim of present systematic review and meta-analysis was to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of contrast-enhanced ultrasound in the diagnosis of gallbladder adenoma.

METHODS

The searches were conducted by two independent researchers to find the relevant studies published from 1/1/2009 until end of 30/06/2019. The search included published literature in the English language in MEDLINE via PubMed, EMBASE via Ovid, The Cochrane Library, and Trip databases. For literature published in other languages, national databases (Magiran and SID), KoreaMed, and LILACS were searched. The risk of bias of every article was evaluated by using QUADAS-2. On the basis of the results from the 2 × 2 tables, pooled measures for sensitivity, specificity, diagnostic odds ratio (DOR), and area under the curves (AUC) along with their 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using the DerSimonian Lair methodology.

RESULTS

Overall, 868 patients were studied in the 10 studies chosen for inclusion. Of these 10 studies, 5 (50%) were retrospective and 5 (50%) were prospective. The total prevalence of gallbladder adenoma in 10 studies was 16% (95% CI 13%, 18%). The sensitivity and specificity of contrast-enhanced ultrasound were 0.846 (95% CI 0.818-0.871) and 0.870 (95% CI: 0.844-0.894), respectively. The diagnostic odds ratio was 40.807 (95% CI 18.838-88.393).

CONCLUSION

CEUS is a reliable, non-invasive, and no-radiation-exposure imaging modality with a high sensitivity and specificity for detection of gallbladder adenoma. Nonetheless, it should be applied cautiously, and large scale, well-designed trials are necessary to assess its clinical value.