Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Drug Analysis and Radiopharmacy, Medical University of Lodz, ul. Muszyńskiego1, 90-151, Lodz, Poland.
Laboratory of Bioanalysis, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Drug Analysis and Radiopharmacy, Medical University of Lodz, ul. Muszyńskiego1, 90-151, Lodz, Poland.
Chem Biol Interact. 2020 Dec 1;332:109305. doi: 10.1016/j.cbi.2020.109305. Epub 2020 Oct 29.
Erythrocytes (RBCs) represent the main cell component in circulation and recently have become a topic of intensive scientific interest. The relevance of erythrocytes as a model for cytotoxicity screening of xenobiotics is under the spotlight of this review. Erythrocytes constitute a fundamental cellular model to study potential interactions with blood components of manifold novel polymer or biomaterials. Morphological changes, subsequent disruption of RBC membrane integrity, and hemolysis could be used to determine the cytotoxicity of various compounds. Erythrocytes undergo a programmed death (eryptosis) which could serve as a good model for evaluating certain mechanisms which correspond to apoptosis taking place in nucleated cells. Importantly, erythrocytes can be successfully used as a valuable cellular model in examination of oxidative stress generated by certain diseases or multiple xenobiotics since red cells are subjected to permanent oxidative stress. Additionally, the antioxidant capacity of erythrocytes, and the activity of anti-oxidative enzymes could reflect reactive oxygen species (ROS) generating properties of various substances and allow to determine their effects on tissues. The last part of this review presents the latest findings on the possible application of RBCs as drug delivery systems (DDS). In conclusion, all these findings make erythrocytes highly valuable cells for in vitro biocompatibility assessment, cytotoxicity screening of a wide variety of substances as well as drug delivery.
红细胞（RBC）是循环系统中的主要细胞成分，最近成为了科学研究的热点。本文聚焦于红细胞作为细胞毒性筛选外源物质模型的相关性。红细胞是研究新型聚合物或生物材料与血液成分潜在相互作用的基础细胞模型。形态变化、随后的红细胞膜完整性破坏和溶血可用于确定各种化合物的细胞毒性。红细胞经历程序性死亡（红细胞凋亡），可作为评估与有核细胞中发生的细胞凋亡相对应的某些机制的良好模型。重要的是，由于红细胞受到持续的氧化应激，因此可以成功地将其用作某些疾病或多种外源物质产生的氧化应激的有价值的细胞模型。此外，红细胞的抗氧化能力和抗氧化酶的活性可以反映各种物质产生活性氧（ROS）的特性，并确定它们对组织的影响。本文的最后一部分介绍了 RBC 作为药物传递系统（DDS）的最新应用研究进展。总之，所有这些发现使红细胞成为体外生物相容性评估、多种物质的细胞毒性筛选以及药物传递的极具价值的细胞。
