Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
Clinical Research development unit Center, Beheshti Hospital, Yasuj University of Medical Sciences, Yasuj, Iran.
Ann Diagn Pathol. 2020 Dec;49:151654. doi: 10.1016/j.anndiagpath.2020.151654. Epub 2020 Oct 25.
Osteosarcoma, a bone cancer usually seen in children and young adults, is generally a high-grade malignancy presented by extreme metastases to the lungs. Osteosarcoma has a tendency for appearing in bones with rapid growth rate. The etiology of osteosarcoma is multifaceted and poorly understood. A molecular consideration of this disease will lead to a directed tumor treatment. The present treatment for osteosarcoma comprises of an arrangement of systemic chemotherapy and wide surgical resection. Survival rate is increased by the progress of destructive systemic chemotherapies. So, the development of new treatment approaches for metastatic osteosarcoma is essential. Immunomodulation has been used in clinical settings. Through targeting surface antigens expressed on tumor cells, particular antibodies and exploitation of cellular immunotherapy against sarcomas have been confirmed to be effective as cancer therapeutics. In this article, we have reviewed epidemiology, etiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment of osteosarcoma and we have focused on different methods of immunotherapy including vaccines, cell-based immunotherapy, cytokines, and monoclonal antibodies.
骨肉瘤是一种常见于儿童和年轻人的骨癌，通常是一种高度恶性肿瘤，极易转移至肺部。骨肉瘤倾向于出现在生长速度较快的骨骼中。骨肉瘤的病因是多方面的，目前还不太清楚。对这种疾病进行分子研究将有助于进行有针对性的肿瘤治疗。目前骨肉瘤的治疗包括系统化疗和广泛的手术切除。破坏性全身化疗的进展提高了生存率。因此，开发转移性骨肉瘤的新治疗方法是必要的。免疫调节已在临床环境中得到应用。通过针对肿瘤细胞表面表达的抗原，针对肉瘤的特定抗体和细胞免疫疗法已被证实是有效的癌症治疗方法。在本文中，我们回顾了骨肉瘤的流行病学、病因、发病机制、诊断和治疗，并重点介绍了包括疫苗、细胞免疫疗法、细胞因子和单克隆抗体在内的不同免疫疗法方法。
