First report and molecular identification of Trypanosoma (Duttonella) vivax outbreak in cattle population from Ecuador.

The bovine trypanosomosis is responsible for economic losses from tropical and subtropical areas of Africa and Latin America. This disease is characterized by fever, anaemia, loss of production and even death. Few studies have been carried out in Ecuador regarding Trypanosoma spp. presence but the species has not been determined in cattle and those have only determined the presence of genus, but not the species. The aim of this study was to identify and characterize the trypanosome species involved in the suspected bovine trypanosomosis outbreak reported in Convento Village in Manabí Province located in the coastal region of Ecuador. Twenty cattle from three farms were sampled. Three samples were positive for T. vivax, using an end-point polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to amplify a fragment of the cathepsin L-like cysteine protease (CatL-like) gene. A phylogenetic tree analysis of these three Ecuadorian isolates showed a close relationship with isolates from South America (Colombia, Brazil and Venezuela) and West Africa (Nigeria). This is the first report of T. vivax in Ecuadorian cattle.