Prediction of the molecular action of on bovine reproductive parameters and risk factors associated with trypanosomiasis in northern Minas Gerais, Brazil.

BACKGROUND AND AIM

Trypanosomiasis caused by is a significant cause of reproductive inefficiency and economic losses in cattle farming. While its impact on reproduction is known, the molecular mechanisms underlying these effects remain poorly understood. This study aimed to investigate the molecular effects of on reproductive parameters in cattle and evaluate epidemiological risk factors associated with trypanosomiasis in beef cattle in northern Minas Gerais, Brazil.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

A dual approach combining bioinformatics and epidemiological analyses was employed. Proteins linked to were identified using the UniProt database, and protein interaction networks were constructed using the String V.12 platform. The epidemiological study involved serological diagnosis of trypanosomiasis through indirect immunofluorescence in 383 serum samples collected from 14 herds. Risk factors such as farming system, animal replacement frequency, vector presence, vaccination practices, and reproductive history were assessed through statistical analysis.

RESULTS

Bioinformatics analyses suggested that may exert molecular effects on bovine reproduction through the expression of toll-like receptor 2, nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), and nuclear receptor coactivator 7 proteins. The overall prevalence of was 6.79%, with no direct association found between infection and reproductive performance. However, 57.7% of seropositive cattle belonged to farms with lower pregnancy rates, and 96% were from farms reporting abortions in the past 12 months. The semi-intensive/intensive farming system and shared use of syringes and needles during vaccination were identified as significant risk factors for infection.

CONCLUSION

The study provides evidence of spread in northern Minas Gerais and highlights the need for improved control strategies, including vector management and proper sanitary practices. Bioinformatic analysis suggests that may influence reproductive outcomes through the NF-κB signaling pathway, warranting further experimental validation. Future studies should investigate the molecular mechanisms of in high-prevalence herds to refine disease management and mitigation strategies.