Wynn A
Nutr Health. 1987;5(1-2):31-43.
Close birth spacing increases the risk of miscarriage, congenital malformation and perinatal death because it does not give a mother time to recover from the nutritional depletion caused by the first pregnancy or time to recover a normal hormonal profile before the beginning of the next pregnancy. The placental vitamin pump causes maternal vitamin depletion. Nutritional deficits do more damage to reproduction around the time of conception than later during pregnancy. Vitamin and mineral deficiencies can cause not only direct damage to embryonic development but damage to both male and female germ cells resulting in new mutations before a conception. New mutations can cause pregnancy failure or maldevelopment of the embryo. The realisation that nutritional deficits can be mutagenic opened a new chapter in nutritional science. Some nutrients are antimutagenic and already act as such within the digestive tract, but foods contain many other antimutagenic substances. The juices of many fresh vegetables in particular are antimutagenic.
生育间隔过短会增加流产、先天性畸形和围产期死亡的风险，因为这没有给母亲足够的时间从首次怀孕造成的营养消耗中恢复过来，也没有时间在下一次怀孕开始前恢复正常的激素水平。胎盘维生素泵会导致母体维生素缺乏。营养缺乏在受孕前后对生殖造成的损害比孕期后期更大。维生素和矿物质缺乏不仅会直接损害胚胎发育，还会损害雄性和雌性生殖细胞，导致受孕前出现新的突变。新的突变会导致妊娠失败或胚胎发育不良。认识到营养缺乏可能具有致突变性，为营养科学开启了新的篇章。一些营养素具有抗突变作用，并且已经在消化道内发挥这种作用，但食物中还含有许多其他抗突变物质。特别是许多新鲜蔬菜的汁液具有抗突变性。
