去除叶片和疏除梢对葡萄(Vitis vinifera L.)浆果和葡萄酒化学物质在温暖气候下的累积日光照强度和热时间及其级联效应的影响。
Impacts of leaf removal and shoot thinning on cumulative daily light intensity and thermal time and their cascading effects of grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) berry and wine chemistry in warm climates.
机构信息
Department of Viticulture and Enology, University of California Davis 1 Shields Avenue Davis, CA 95616, USA.
Department of Viticulture and Enology, University of California Davis 1 Shields Avenue Davis, CA 95616, USA.
出版信息
Food Chem. 2021 May 1;343:128447. doi: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.128447. Epub 2020 Oct 23.
Leaf removal (LR), shoot thinning (ST) and their combination (LRST) are known to increase berry solar exposure affecting berry composition and consequently improving wine quality and antioxidant properties. We hypothesized that LR, ST or their combination (LRST) would affect flavonoid content during berry ripening by means of changes of the berry microclimate (light and temperature) as well as wine composition, quality, and antioxidant properties. Thermal time and sum of light intensity thresholds were different to achieve the maximum berry anthocyanin and flavonol contents. ST mostly affected wine characteristics by increasing alcoholic content, acidity, hue and phenolic substances. Wine antioxidant capacity decreased in ST wines likely by decreases in catechin and quercetin contents. ST and LRST increased proanthocyanidin polymerization and decreased monomeric flavan-3-ols, which may reduce wine bitterness and enhance astringency. Therefore, the management of canopy should take into account the warming trends in viticulture regions, rather than being applied preemptively.
去除叶片(LR)、疏枝(ST)及其组合(LRST)被认为可以增加浆果的阳光暴露,从而影响浆果的成分,进而提高葡萄酒的质量和抗氧化特性。我们假设,通过改变浆果微气候(光照和温度)以及葡萄酒的组成、质量和抗氧化特性,LR、ST 或它们的组合(LRST)会在浆果成熟过程中影响类黄酮含量。达到最大浆果花青素和类黄酮含量所需的热时间和光照强度总和阈值不同。ST 通过增加酒精度、酸度、色调和酚类物质来影响葡萄酒的特性。ST 葡萄酒的抗氧化能力下降可能是因为儿茶素和槲皮素含量下降。ST 和 LRST 增加了原花青素的聚合,降低了单体黄烷-3-醇的含量,这可能会降低葡萄酒的苦味,增强涩味。因此,树冠管理应该考虑到葡萄栽培地区的变暖趋势,而不是预先进行。