Yap O Fiona
The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601 Australia.
Eur J Dev Res. 2020;32(5):1504-1534. doi: 10.1057/s41287-020-00327-3. Epub 2020 Oct 27.
Crises and dislocations home in on social, economic, and political weaknesses that are often sidestepped or pushed to the backburner in the interests of master plans of growth or development. Recovery from crises, then, provides the opportunity to address these underlying issues that preceded and, likely, contributed to the crises or dislocation; meanwhile, a return to the previous normalcy following such crises generally means exacerbation of these weaknesses that erode and threaten to fracture social, economic and political foundations. This paper documents social and economic policies across two financial crises, the Asian Financial Crisis and the Global Financial Crisis, for South Korea, the Philippines, and Indonesia, to reveal the problems from growth-centric recovery focus on economic fragilities, social cohesion, and political stability. Further, using evidence from the ground and survey data, we also show how recovery to a new normal with a reprioritization of social policies invigorates the social, political, and economic foundations. We round off the study with an examination of social policy changes under COVID-19 to assess how the efforts track against a recovery to business-as-usual economic normalcy or a new normal that reprioritizes social policies and the economy. The scope of change is high; as we show in the paper, it is also necessary.
危机和混乱聚焦于社会、经济和政治弱点，这些弱点在以增长或发展总体规划为利益的情况下，往往被回避或搁置一旁。因此，从危机中复苏提供了一个机会，来解决这些先于危机并可能导致危机或混乱的潜在问题；与此同时，危机过后回归到之前的常态通常意味着这些弱点的加剧，而这些弱点会侵蚀并有可能破坏社会、经济和政治基础。本文记录了韩国、菲律宾和印度尼西亚在亚洲金融危机和全球金融危机这两次金融危机期间的社会和经济政策，以揭示以增长为中心的复苏中存在的问题，重点关注经济脆弱性、社会凝聚力和政治稳定性。此外，利用实地证据和调查数据，我们还展示了通过重新调整社会政策恢复到新的常态如何振兴社会、政治和经济基础。我们通过研究新冠疫情下的社会政策变化来结束这项研究，以评估这些努力是如何朝着恢复到照常营业的经济常态，还是朝着重新调整社会政策和经济优先级的新常态发展的。变化的幅度很大；正如我们在本文中所表明的，这也是必要的。
