Khan Habib, Kaur Sharanjit, Baldwin Timothy C, Radecka Iza, Jiang Guozhan, Bretz Inna, Duale Khadar, Adamus Grażyna, Kowalczuk Marek
School of Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Wolverhampton, Wolverhampton WV1 1LY, United Kingdom.
Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Windsor, Ontario, N9B 3P4, Canada.
ACS Sustain Chem Eng. 2020 Apr 6;8(13):5360-5370. doi: 10.1021/acssuschemeng.0c00991. Epub 2020 Mar 19.
Biodegradable mulches are considered a promising alternative to polyethylene-based, nonbiodegradable mulch for sustainable agriculture. In the present study, a bioactive 2-methyl-4- cholorophenoxyacetic acid/poly(3-hydroxybutyrate--3-hydroxyvalerate) (MCPA-PHBV) conjugate blended with biodegradable poly(butylene adipate--terephthalate/polylactide (PBAT/PLA) was developed and used as mulch under controlled condition greenhouse pot experiment with fava bean () as the nontarget crop species. The objectives were to examine the effectiveness of sustained-release of MCPA herbicide from biodegradable mulch for broadleaf weed suppression and to assess any adverse effects of the herbicide on the nontarget species (fava bean). The energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy analysis (EDS) suggests that a substantial quantity of the herbicide was released from the biodegradable mulch which effectively killed the broadleaf weed species even at 1% MCPA concentration. However, the higher concentrations of the herbicide adversely affected several physiological parameters of fava bean growth and development. Stomatal conductance decreased, while leaf temperature subsequently rose (at MCPA concentrations 5, 7.5, and 10%). The quantum yield of the Photosystem II (PSII) indicates that the photosynthetic efficiency was also restricted at concentrations 7.5% and 10%. Evidently, this slow-release herbicide system worked efficiently for broadleaf weed control but at higher concentrations, resulted in adverse physiological effects on the nontarget crop species. This study has demonstrated that biodegradable mulches containing MCPA herbicide are able to effectively inhibit the growth of broad leaf weed species and may be of potential importance in a wide variety of horticultural and agricultural applications.
对于可持续农业而言，可生物降解地膜被认为是聚乙烯基不可生物降解地膜的一种有前景的替代品。在本研究中，一种生物活性的2-甲基-4-氯苯氧基乙酸/聚（3-羟基丁酸酯-3-羟基戊酸酯）（MCPA-PHBV）共轭物与可生物降解的聚（己二酸丁二醇酯-对苯二甲酸酯/聚乳酸）（PBAT/PLA）共混，并在可控条件的温室盆栽试验中用作地膜，以蚕豆（Vicia faba）作为非靶标作物物种。目的是研究可生物降解地膜中MCPA除草剂的缓释对阔叶杂草抑制的有效性，并评估该除草剂对非靶标物种（蚕豆）的任何不利影响。能量色散X射线光谱分析（EDS）表明，大量除草剂从可生物降解地膜中释放出来，即使在1%的MCPA浓度下也能有效杀死阔叶杂草物种。然而，较高浓度的除草剂对蚕豆生长发育的几个生理参数产生了不利影响。气孔导度降低，而叶片温度随后升高（在MCPA浓度为5%、7.5%和10%时）。光系统II（PSII）的量子产率表明，在7.5%和10%的浓度下，光合效率也受到限制。显然，这种缓释除草剂系统对阔叶杂草控制有效，但在较高浓度下，会对非靶标作物物种产生不利的生理影响。本研究表明，含有MCPA除草剂的可生物降解地膜能够有效抑制阔叶杂草物种的生长，在各种园艺和农业应用中可能具有潜在重要性。
