Alhazmi Ghadeer A, Balubaid Rafal N, Sajiny Samaher, Alsabbah Rufaydah
Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, SAU.
Internal Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, SAU.
Cureus. 2020 Sep 27;12(9):e10679. doi: 10.7759/cureus.10679.
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is defined as a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by persistent high blood glucose. Proper insulin injection is indispensable to achieve adequate control of DM and prevent complications. Therefore, this study aims to assess the knowledge of DM patients about their insulin injection techniques.
A questionnaire-based and cross-sectional study was carried out from January to March 2020 at three locations in Makkah, Saudi Arabia. The inclusion criteria of research subjects included patients diagnosed with type-1 or type-2 DM and using insulin pen injection. The questionnaire included demographic data including age, gender, nationality, educational level, and chronic disease as well as specific questions about insulin injection technique.
Four hundred and thirty-seven DM patients participated in the study. The most prevalent age group was between 20 and 60 years old (69.1%). The vast majority of patients were females (64.1%), Saudi nationals (92.9%), and residents of Makkah city (70%). There were roughly equal numbers of patients with type-1 and type-2 DM (47% and 53%, respectively). With regard to complications of DM, 19.5% of patients had previous acidosis, and 16.5% of patients were admitted to hospital for various complications. Injection-related complications were reported by almost half of the patients (49.9). The knowledge of insulin injection practices was examined among DM patients according to different variables. Only the frequency of administration exhibited a significant difference in the practices toward proper insulin injection technique (p = 0.049); patients who administered insulin injection three times daily had the best practices toward insulin injection when compared to other patients.
Our study showed that the practices toward insulin use among the surveyed DM patients in Makkah region were not satisfactory. Poor insulin injection technique is an important modifiable risk factor for uncontrolled blood glucose levels. More awareness campaigns and better counseling initiatives are crucial to guarantee steady insulin levels among DM patients.
糖尿病（DM）被定义为一种以持续高血糖为特征的慢性代谢紊乱疾病。正确注射胰岛素对于实现糖尿病的充分控制和预防并发症必不可少。因此，本研究旨在评估糖尿病患者对胰岛素注射技术的了解情况。
2020年1月至3月在沙特阿拉伯麦加的三个地点开展了一项基于问卷调查的横断面研究。研究对象的纳入标准包括被诊断为1型或2型糖尿病且使用胰岛素笔注射的患者。问卷包括人口统计学数据，如年龄、性别、国籍、教育水平和慢性病情况，以及有关胰岛素注射技术的具体问题。
437名糖尿病患者参与了该研究。最常见的年龄组为20至60岁（69.1%）。绝大多数患者为女性（64.1%）、沙特国民（92.9%）以及麦加市居民（70%）。1型和2型糖尿病患者数量大致相等（分别为47%和53%）。关于糖尿病并发症，19.5%的患者曾有酸中毒，16.5%的患者因各种并发症入院治疗。近一半的患者（49.9%）报告了与注射相关的并发症。根据不同变量对糖尿病患者的胰岛素注射实践知识进行了检查。只有给药频率在正确胰岛素注射技术的实践方面表现出显著差异（p = 0.049）；与其他患者相比，每天注射三次胰岛素的患者在胰岛素注射方面实践最佳。
我们的研究表明，麦加地区接受调查的糖尿病患者在胰岛素使用方面的实践情况并不理想。胰岛素注射技术不佳是血糖水平控制不佳的一个重要可改变风险因素。开展更多的宣传活动和提供更好的咨询举措对于确保糖尿病患者胰岛素水平稳定至关重要。
